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"Issues" is a countable noun. Hence, we cannot use "much". Therefore options A, B, C can be removed.
Option E is wordy. Option D is correct in number and is concise. Hence D is the correct answer.
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Decades of research conducted by leading psychological institutions have shown that much of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stems from social isolation.

much/many: many of the mental health issues is correct

A. much of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stems
many of the mental health issues is correct usage. Incorrect
B. much of the mental health issues that today’s population is subject to stem
many of the mental health issues is correct usage. Incorrect
C. much of the issues that are related to mental health and that today’s population is subject to stems
many of the mental health issues is correct usage. Incorrect
D. many of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stem
Correct
E. many of the issues that are related to mental health and today’s population is subject to stem
Change in meaning.
mental health issues to which today's population is subject to is the correct usage. Incorrect

IMO D
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Decades of research conducted by leading psychological institutions have shown that much of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stems from social isolation.

A. much of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stems : Since "issues" is plural, "much" is incorrect. Many should be used. Eliminate A
B. much of the mental health issues that today’s population is subject to stem: Since "issues" is plural, "much" is incorrect. Many should be used. Eliminate B
C. much of the issues that are related to mental health and that today’s population is subject to stems: Since "issues" is plural, "much" is incorrect. Many should be used. Eliminate C
D. many of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stem: Correct as it avoid errors made in the other options
E. many of the issues that are related to mental health and today’s population is subject to stem : issues are not related to today's population. Illogical meaning. Eliminate E
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Decades of research conducted by leading psychological institutions have shown that much of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stems from social isolation.

A. much of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stems
B. much of the mental health issues that today’s population is subject to stem
C. much of the issues that are related to mental health and that today’s population is subject to stems
D. many of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stem
E. many of the issues that are related to mental health and today’s population is subject to stem

IMO D
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Dear IanStewart

Could you please help me with the OA? I think the second “to” is redundant.

OA: …have shown that many of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stem from social isolation.

Given this redundancy, the only grammatically viable choice is E, isn’t it?

Thank you very much in advance!
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Dear IanStewart

Could you please help me with the OA? I think the second “to” is redundant.

OA: …have shown that many of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stem from social isolation.

Given this redundancy, the only grammatically viable choice is E, isn’t it?

Yes, there are serious problems even with the OA here. It definitely uses "to" twice when it should only use it once. And in American English, the verb outside of the underlined portion here would usually be "has", not "have" (though in UK English I'd expect "have" to be more common). But while D has an error so serious it could never be the right answer to a real GMAT SC question, answer E is just as bad -- it's a kind of run-on soup of words that doesn't really mean anything. The biggest problem with E is the word "and"; if that word was instead "that", then E would be grammatically correct and would convey the meaning, but it would still be awful writing, so even then it wouldn't be a great answer. As the question is written, there is no acceptable answer among the choices.

Bunuel
Decades of research conducted by leading psychological institutions have shown that much of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stems from social isolation.

A. much of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stems
B. much of the mental health issues that today’s population is subject to stem
C. much of the issues that are related to mental health and that today’s population is subject to stems
D. many of the mental health issues to which today’s population is subject to stem
E. many of the issues that are related to mental health and today’s population is subject to stem
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