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KarishmaB
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GMAT Ninja SC Expert - Ask Me Anything about GMAT SC and Grammar 05 Aug 2022, 01:15
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vatsight01
Hi,

In the question "The much debated position on the relationship between the GDP and the industrial revolution claims that the acceleration of the GDP that begun 300 years ago with the advent of the industrial revolution, and continued since then." suppose one encounters two option as below

A.that began 300 years ago with the advent of the industrial revolution and has

B. began 300 years ago with the advent of the industrial revolution and has

Which one of the two will be correct?

As per some explanation "The acceleration of GDP" will not be having any verb if "that" is present in the sentence as "That" will take both verbs "began" and "has continued". Option B is correct.

Now since "that" is referring to noun phrase "acceleration of GDP " then why Option A, as given above may not be correct?

In many cases of Relative Pronoun modifier clauses "that" becomes the subject referring to the preceding noun entity and fulfils the SV Pair condition ,then why in those questions the "noun entity" and "that" is not viewed separately as seen in the above question?

Example: Retailers do not approve of the apps that allow shoppers to perform immediate price-comparison by scanning a product on the shelf.

In this sentence ???that??? refers to the preceding noun ??? apps - and the entire underlined clause modifies this noun ??? apps.
As you can see, ???that??? is the subject of the purple clause. Its verb is ???allow???.

Then why the below statement cannot be correct?

The much debated position on the relationship between the GDP and the industrial revolution claims that the acceleration of the GDP that began 300 years ago with the advent of the industrial revolution and has continued since then

Please explain the above query?


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Try to take simpler examples when the sentence structure confuses you.


He claims that the factory that produces electric cars.

Is this a complete thought? This is the structure of your option (a) above. Are you asking what about the factory that produces electric cars? ‘The factory’ is the subject but where is its verb. ‘produces’ is the verb of that clause that modifies the factory. It is not the verb of factory.

He claims that the factory that produces electric cars causes more pollution than others.

Now it makes sense, right? “That produces electric cars” defines the factory, tells us the factory in question. “Causes more pollution …” tells us what it wanted to say about that particular factory. “Causes” is the verb of factory now.


Now look at this:

He claims that the factory produces electric cars.

This is the structure of your option (b) above. It does give a complete thought. It tells us something about the factory - it produces electric cars. That is all we wanted to say. Here, produces is the verb of factory.

People dislike factories that produce electric cars.

This is a complete thought. “People dislike factories” is the sentence. The “that clause” after that defines what kind of factories people dislike. This is similar to the second example you have given.

Hope it all makes sense.

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GMAT Ninja SC Expert - Ask Me Anything about GMAT SC and Grammar 06 Aug 2022, 05:03
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Hey Charles GMATNinja,

I love the fact that we have this thread, so thank you!

My question is on the usage of Past perfect in sentences where we have time indicators such as - "before, after"
In some questions, "had" is dropped and in others, it is not.
DO shed some light here please-

Q1] The Federal Reserve announcement said </underline>that growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and that the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are few</underline> signs of higher energy prices driving up the cost of other goods so far.

• that growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and that the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are few
• growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and that the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are few
• that growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are little
• growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are little
• that growth accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and that the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are few

Here I eliminated options with "had" but OA: A

There are other questions where they eliminate "had'' the reason is that time markers are present.

How to decide?
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GMAT Ninja SC Expert - Ask Me Anything about GMAT SC and Grammar 30 Nov 2022, 10:54
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NCC
Hey Charles GMATNinja,

I love the fact that we have this thread, so thank you!

My question is on the usage of Past perfect in sentences where we have time indicators such as - "before, after"
In some questions, "had" is dropped and in others, it is not.
DO shed some light here please-

Q1] The Federal Reserve announcement said </underline>that growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and that the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are few</underline> signs of higher energy prices driving up the cost of other goods so far.

• that growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and that the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are few
• growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and that the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are few
• that growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are little
• growth had accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are little
• that growth accelerated after slowing in the second quarter and that the policy makers remain concerned about the prospects of inflation, even though there are few

Here I eliminated options with "had" but OA: A

There are other questions where they eliminate "had'' the reason is that time markers are present.

How to decide?
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Sorry for the insanely long delay on this one!

That particular sentence uses the past perfect in a fairly "standard" way: there's a simple past action (said) and second past action (had accelerated) that happened before that simple past action. (For more on that particular sentence, check out this post and our follow-up posts on the thread for that question: https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-federal- ... l#p2432069.)

Unfortunately, there aren't any definitive rules for when you MUST use the past perfect. Usually the past perfect makes sense when you have two past actions happening at different times in the past OR when you have a time marker and some other past action. But that doesn't mean that you NEED to use the past perfect in those cases.

So when you see the past perfect, you have to ask yourself, "Does using the past perfect make sense here, or does it imply an illogical chronology?" And if you have one option that uses the past perfect and another that does not, then you have to decide whether the past perfect makes the chronology clearer and easier to understand.

As always, it's about comparing your options and picking the best one, and unfortunately it's not a matter of memorizing and applying a long list of grammar rules. :dontknow:

For more on GMAT verb tenses, check out this older live video, or this newer one.

I hope that helps a bit, and sorry again for the delay!
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