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19 Nov 2007, 12:58
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
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In Rubaria, excellent health care is available to virtually the entire population, whereas very few people in Terland receive adequate medical care. Yet, although the death rate for most diseases is higher in Terland than in Rubaria, the percentage of the male population that dies from prostate cancer is significantly higher in Rubaria than in Terland.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the disparity between the prostate cancer death rate in Rubaria and Terland?
(A) Effective treatment of prostate cancer in its early stages generally requires medical techniques available in Rubaria but not in Terland.
(B) Most men who have prostate cancer are older than the average life expectancy for male inhabitants of Terland.
(C) Being in poor general health does not increase one’s risk of developing prostate cancer.
(D) It is possible to decrease one’s risk of getting prostate cancer by eating certain kinds of foods, and such foods are more readily available in Rubaria than in Terland.
(E) Among men in Rubaria, the death rate from prostate cancer is significantly higher for those who do not take full advantage of Rubaria’s health care system than for those who do.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the disparity between the prostate cancer death rate in Rubaria and Terland?
(A) Effective treatment of prostate cancer in its early stages generally requires medical techniques available in Rubaria but not in Terland.
(B) Most men who have prostate cancer are older than the average life expectancy for male inhabitants of Terland.
(C) Being in poor general health does not increase one’s risk of developing prostate cancer.
(D) It is possible to decrease one’s risk of getting prostate cancer by eating certain kinds of foods, and such foods are more readily available in Rubaria than in Terland.
(E) Among men in Rubaria, the death rate from prostate cancer is significantly higher for those who do not take full advantage of Rubaria’s health care system than for those who do.
15 Jan 2016, 01:14
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This problem is an exact analogue of the real-world situation with such maladies as heart disease and breast/prostate cancer, which generally strike older individuals. There are often strikingly low rates of death from those maladies in countries with otherwise horrible public health (such as sub-Saharan African countries). This isn't due to better prostate/heart/breast health in those countries, though; it's simply because most people in those countries don't live anywhere near long enough to get these problems in the first place.
You need to pick a choice that actually points out a salient difference, regarding prostate cancer, between the two countries. Furthermore, that difference must register in the correct direction: i.e., the evidence must indicate that prostate cancer is LESS likely to be found in Terland.
Choice (C) does no such thing. In fact, choice (C) is perfectly neutral, giving absolutely no reason to suspect different levels of prostate cancer in the two countries. (First, "does not increase one's risk" implies equality of risk, not a disparity in either direction. Second, this statement has absolutely no bearing whatsoever on differences between the two countries mentioned in the problem.)
Choice (B), on the other hand, mentions a factor that is DIRECTLY responsible for the relatively low rate of prostate cancer in Terland. Namely, if people in Terland don't live long enough to GET prostate cancer in the first place, then you aren't going to see a lot of prostate cancer there.
D. This should ideally mean people died of cancer lesser in Rubaria than in Terland.
Please kudo if you like!
You need to pick a choice that actually points out a salient difference, regarding prostate cancer, between the two countries. Furthermore, that difference must register in the correct direction: i.e., the evidence must indicate that prostate cancer is LESS likely to be found in Terland.
Choice (C) does no such thing. In fact, choice (C) is perfectly neutral, giving absolutely no reason to suspect different levels of prostate cancer in the two countries. (First, "does not increase one's risk" implies equality of risk, not a disparity in either direction. Second, this statement has absolutely no bearing whatsoever on differences between the two countries mentioned in the problem.)
Choice (B), on the other hand, mentions a factor that is DIRECTLY responsible for the relatively low rate of prostate cancer in Terland. Namely, if people in Terland don't live long enough to GET prostate cancer in the first place, then you aren't going to see a lot of prostate cancer there.
D. This should ideally mean people died of cancer lesser in Rubaria than in Terland.
Please kudo if you like!
04 May 2019, 11:25
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sayan640
gregspirited
In Rubaria, excellent health care is available to virtually the entire population, whereas very few people in Terland receive adequate medical care. Yet, although the death rate for most diseases is higher in Terland than in Rubaria, the percentage of the male population that dies from prostate cancer is significantly higher in Rubaria than in Terland.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the disparity between the prostate cancer death rate in Rubaria and Terland?
(A) Effective treatment of prostate cancer in its early stages generally requires medical techniques available in Rubaria but not in Terland.
(B) Most men who have prostate cancer are older than the average life expectancy for male inhabitants of Terland.
(C) Being in poor general health does not increase one’s risk of developing prostate cancer.
(D) It is possible to decrease one’s risk of getting prostate cancer by eating certain kinds of foods, and such foods are more readily available in Rubaria than in Terland.
(E) Among men in Rubaria, the death rate from prostate cancer is significantly higher for those who do not take full advantage of Rubaria’s health care system than for those who do.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the disparity between the prostate cancer death rate in Rubaria and Terland?
(A) Effective treatment of prostate cancer in its early stages generally requires medical techniques available in Rubaria but not in Terland.
(B) Most men who have prostate cancer are older than the average life expectancy for male inhabitants of Terland.
(C) Being in poor general health does not increase one’s risk of developing prostate cancer.
(D) It is possible to decrease one’s risk of getting prostate cancer by eating certain kinds of foods, and such foods are more readily available in Rubaria than in Terland.
(E) Among men in Rubaria, the death rate from prostate cancer is significantly higher for those who do not take full advantage of Rubaria’s health care system than for those who do.
VeritasKarishma mikemcgarry GMATNinja
Can you please throw some light on option B and E ?
On one hand, we know that "In Rubaria, excellent health care is available to virtually the entire population, whereas very few people in Terland receive adequate medical care." In addition, "the death rate for most diseases is higher in Terland than in Rubaria." This makes sense so far -- Rubaria has excellent healthcare and a lower death rate for most diseases, while Terland has inadequate healthcare and a higher death rate for most diseases.
And here is the other side of the disparity: "the percentage of the male population that dies from prostate cancer is significantly higher in Rubaria than in Terland." So, while "the death rate for most diseases is higher in Terland than in Rubaria," the opposite is true for prostate cancer.
Our task is to find an answer choice that explains why a higher percentage of men in Rubaria die of prostate cancer, despite the fact they they receive much better healthcare than the men in Terland.
Let's first look at (B):
Quote:
(B) Most men who have prostate cancer are older than the average life expectancy for male inhabitants of Terland.
This tells us that men with prostate cancer are generally very old -- older, in fact, than men are expected to live in Terland. In other words, most men in Terland have already died off for some other reason before they could develop prostate cancer. In Rubaria, on the other hand, men live to a ripe old age and then develop prostate cancer. This explains why a higher percentage of Rubarian men in die of prostate cancer than do Terlandian men -- they live long enough to contract the disease. Not a very cheerful explanation, but it does explain the disparity in the passage. (B) is the correct answer.Now look at (E):
Quote:
(E) Among men in Rubaria, the death rate from prostate cancer is significantly higher for those who do not take full advantage of Rubaria’s health care system than for those who do.
This answer choice tells us that men who use the excellent healthcare system in Rubaria have a lower death rate than the men who do not use the healthcare system. This makes sense: the men who receive treatment have better outcomes. However, we are trying to figure out why the death rate is lower in Terland, a place that does not have a great healthcare system -- in other words, why men who do not receive adequate treatment somehow have better outcomes (measured by percentage of men who die of prostate cancer). This answer choice does not explain the disparity at all, so eliminate (E).
I hope that helps!
