Last visit was: 19 Nov 2025, 19:00 It is currently 19 Nov 2025, 19:00
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
avatar
deepti1206
Joined: 17 Sep 2011
Last visit: 04 Aug 2021
Posts: 14
Own Kudos:
200
 [18]
Given Kudos: 2
Location: United States
Posts: 14
Kudos: 200
 [18]
Kudos
Add Kudos
18
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Most Helpful Reply
User avatar
daagh
User avatar
Major Poster
Joined: 19 Feb 2007
Last visit: 16 Oct 2020
Posts: 5,264
Own Kudos:
42,419
 [7]
Given Kudos: 422
Status: enjoying
Location: India
WE:Education (Education)
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 5,264
Kudos: 42,419
 [7]
7
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
General Discussion
User avatar
piyatiwari
Joined: 28 Jun 2009
Last visit: 15 Jun 2021
Posts: 313
Own Kudos:
442
 [3]
Given Kudos: 46
Location: United States (MA)
Posts: 313
Kudos: 442
 [3]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
Bluelagoon
Joined: 21 Jan 2010
Last visit: 03 Sep 2015
Posts: 191
Own Kudos:
659
 [2]
Given Kudos: 12
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Present perfect tense is used if something starts in the past and continuous till the present or its affect is still present in the present. In this sentence the volcano has killed people and the effect is an emergency which is in present. Hence only A and C remains. In C which is used incorrectly. A wins.
User avatar
RMD007
Joined: 03 Jul 2016
Last visit: 08 Jun 2019
Posts: 236
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 80
Status:Countdown Begins...
Location: India
Concentration: Technology, Strategy
Schools: IIMB
GMAT 1: 580 Q48 V22
GPA: 3.7
WE:Information Technology (Consulting)
Products:
Schools: IIMB
GMAT 1: 580 Q48 V22
Posts: 236
Kudos: 201
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Expert, I got this question correct but I have one doubt.

I know that with "Since" we need present perfect tense. Here the clause before "Since" contains present perfect tense whereas clause after since is in simple past tense. Can you please clarify this structure?
User avatar
Alok322
Joined: 26 Jan 2015
Last visit: 30 Jul 2024
Posts: 94
Own Kudos:
299
 [3]
Given Kudos: 203
Location: Oman
GMAT 1: 710 Q49 V37
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
RMD007
Expert, I got this question correct but I have one doubt.

I know that with "Since" we need present perfect tense. Here the clause before "Since" contains present perfect tense whereas clause after since is in simple past tense. Can you please clarify this structure?

Dear RMD007,

I believe that this question slightly confused your basics.

Let's use another example to help you understand the basic concept that's confused you at the moment
1. I moved to Manhattan in 1990 - should be in simple past because that action got over all for once! I moved and then done!
2. I have worked with Google in Manhattan ever since - I still am working with Google from 1990 (perfect way to use present perfect tense)

So how do you put these 2 facts together?

I have worked with Google in Manhattan since I moved to Manhattan in 1990.

Did you see what happened?
Both the present perfect tense and the past tense are in perfect harmony and are describing my situation right now.
I started working with Google in 1990 when i moved to Manhattan and I still am working with Google.

I hope this cleared your confusion.
User avatar
GMATNinja
User avatar
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
Joined: 13 Aug 2009
Last visit: 19 Nov 2025
Posts: 7,443
Own Kudos:
69,787
 [2]
Given Kudos: 2,060
Status: GMAT/GRE/LSAT tutors
Location: United States (CO)
GMAT 1: 780 Q51 V46
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Products:
Expert
Expert reply
GMAT 2: 800 Q51 V51
GRE 1: Q170 V170
GRE 2: Q170 V170
Posts: 7,443
Kudos: 69,787
 [2]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Awesome explanation, Alok322!

And for any beginners who are reading this (not you, RMD007 -- you already know what's up), you'll want to avoid the common misconception that verb tenses always have to "match" within the same sentence. Verb tenses don't even need to "match" in a parallel structure: if two actions happened at different times, there's no problem using two different verb tenses.

But the GMAT does really, really love to test you on the logic underneath those verb tenses. If the sentence uses more than one verb tense, does the sequence of events logically match those changing verb tenses? Here's a classic pain-in-the-arse: https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-an-effort ... 83910.html
User avatar
ExpertsGlobal5
User avatar
Experts' Global Representative
Joined: 10 Jul 2017
Last visit: 19 Nov 2025
Posts: 5,195
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 43
Location: India
GMAT Date: 11-01-2019
Expert
Expert reply
Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
Posts: 5,195
Kudos: 4,766
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-

deepti1206
Indonesia's Mount Merapi volcano has killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaration of an emergency in the country.


A. has killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaration of an emergency in the country

B. killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaration of an emergency in the country.

C. has killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, which has lead to the declaration of an emergency in the country.

D. had killed 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaration of an emergency in the country.

E. has been killing 191 people since it began erupting late last month, leading to the declaring of an emergency in the country


Choice A: This answer choice maintains proper tense use and preserves the intended meaning of the sentence. Thus, this answer choice is correct.

Choice B: This answer choice uses the simple past tense verb "killed" to refer to an event taking place in the present. Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.

Choice C: In this answer choice, the modifying phrase "which has lead..." incorrectly modifies the noun "last month". Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.

Choice D: This answer choice uses the past perfect verb "had killed" to refer to an event taking place in the present. Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.

Choice E: This answer choice uses the present perfect continuous tense verb "has been killing", leading to an illogical meaning. The phrase "has been killing 191 people" implies that the volcano has been killing 191 people, gradually. Thus, this answer choice is incorrect.

Hence, A is the best answer choice.

To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses on GMAT", you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):



To understand the concept of "Past Perfect Tense - Use of Had on GMAT", you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):



To understand the concept of "Present Perfect Continuous Tense on GMAT", you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):



All the best!
Experts' Global Team
User avatar
VerbalBot
User avatar
Non-Human User
Joined: 01 Oct 2013
Last visit: 04 Jan 2021
Posts: 18,830
Own Kudos:
Posts: 18,830
Kudos: 986
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!

Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).

Want to see all other topics I dig out? Follow me (click follow button on profile). You will receive a summary of all topics I bump in your profile area as well as via email.
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7443 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
231 posts
189 posts