adkikani
Hi sayantan2ck,
...let me know what do you call compliance in grammatical terms? Is it a noun? I haven't seen much pronoun together with noun placed adjacently as in option A.
Let me know if structure wise the sentence is correct other than SV no agreement in option A in OG.
WR,
Arpit
Hello
adkikani/Arpit,
I would be glad to help you resolve your doubt.

The word
compliance indeed is a noun. That is the reason why it can act as a subject in a clause.
Also, there is no issue in the expression of
their compliance in Choice A. The pronoun
their acts as a possessive pronoun that is followed by a noun. For example: my pen, your car, his project, her recipe, etc.
In Choice A,
their compliance stands for the local shrimpers' compliance. Hence, choice A only one error - the Subject-Verb number disagreement error.
Let's dive deeper into this sentence to understand how to solve this question by using the meaning-based approach.
Quote:
Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles.
(A) requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect
(B) requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting
(C) that require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets protect
(D) to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting
(E) to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting
Sentence Structure
Meaning The sentence starts by saying that local shrimpers organized a press conference last week. They did so to take credit for the revival of the Kemp’s ridley turtles that are rare. In this conference, the shrimpers said that they were adhering to laws that require the presence of turtle-excluder devices on nets for catching shrimps. Their adherence to the laws was able to save adult sea turtles.
SV Number Agreement Error: The singular subject “
compliance” does not agree in number with the plural verb “
protect.”
Note: The usage of the word “
requiring” calls for the use of the subjunctive verb in the sentence. Therefore, we see the usage of the verb “
be” for the subject “
turtle-excluder devices.” This usage is correct.
A. requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect Incorrect: This choice is incorrect, as explained in the Error Analysis section.
B. requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting Correct: This choice rectifies the only error of Choice A and clearly presents the intended meaning.
C. that require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets protect Incorrect: SV Number Agreement Error: This choice repeats the SV agreement error of Choice A.
D. to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting Incorrect: 1.
SV Number Agreement Error: This choice repeats the SV agreement error of Choice A.
2.
Idiom Error: The usage of the phrase “
to require” is incorrect in this sentence because requiring the said devices on shrimp nets is not the purpose/intent of the said laws. The intent of the laws is to save the turtle. The law is that shrimp nets must have these devices.
E. to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting Incorrect: Idiom Error: This choice repeats the idiom error of Choice D regarding the usage of “
to require.”
1. The subject and the verb must agree in number.
2. The expressions used in the correct answer choice must be idiomatic and must convey the intended meaning clearly.

Here is a video solution we made for this question:
Hope this helps.

Thanks.
Shraddha