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I am not able to understand the q5. Can someone please help me with it?

Explanation

5. The primary purpose of the passage is to

Explanation

No use wasting a lot of time here: As we know, the author thinks that the economists’ position is wrong, and offers an alternative view on the issue. Once again, the first sentence of the last para (lines 35-36) tells the story— “the economists’ position does not hold up under careful scrutiny.” The rest of the para tells why. To refute the economists’ claim, choice (C), is the reason this passage was written.

(A) There is no paradoxical situation presented here, just one position countered by another.

(B) The passage is about the morality, not the legality of corporate behavior. In fact, it is implied that the kind of actions to which the author takes exception are legal; he opposes them because they don’t accord with his conception of morality.

(D) and (E) are both too weak to represent the author’s purpose here; they both ignore the fact that the author argues against a position and presents a case for his own view.

Answer: C

Hope it helps
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4. The conception of morality that underlies the author???s argument in the passage is best expressed by which one of the following principles?

(A) What makes actions morally right is their contribution to the public good.
(B) An action is morally right if it carries the risk of personal penalty.
(C) Actions are morally right if they are not fraudulent or illegal.
(D) It is morally wrong to try to maximize one???s personal benefit.
(E) Actions are not morally wrong unless they harm others.

Can any expert please help me explain why A is right and E is wrong? All the examples in the passage point towards morally wrong things harming others.

Thank you in advance
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4. The conception of morality that underlies the author???s argument in the passage is best expressed by which one of the following principles?

(A) What makes actions morally right is their contribution to the public good.
(B) An action is morally right if it carries the risk of personal penalty.
(C) Actions are morally right if they are not fraudulent or illegal.
(D) It is morally wrong to try to maximize one???s personal benefit.
(E) Actions are not morally wrong unless they harm others.

Can any expert please help me explain why A is right and E is wrong? All the examples in the passage point towards morally wrong things harming others.

Thank you in advance

Why A is right

We now shift to the author’s viewpoint. The stem may be a little wordy, but all it’s asking for is the principle that accords best with the author’s view of morality, and that issue isn’t far from the author’s main point. CEOs have a moral obligation to pursue the public good; this idea of the “public good” is littered throughout the passage. It’s no surprise, then, that the principle of morality that underlies the author’s opinion is related to the public good, which brings us directly to choice (A).

Why E is wrong

(E), like (B), goes too far: The author may believe that actions that detract from the public good are morally wrong, but that doesn’t mean that actions that do no harm to people cannot be morally wrong.

Good Luck
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1. Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?

(A) Although CEOs may be legally obligated to maximize their corporations’ profits, this obligation does not free them from the moral responsibility of considering the implications of the corporations’ actions for the public good.
(B) Although morality is not easily ascribed to nonhuman entities, corporations can be said to have an obligation to act morally in the sense that they are made up of individuals who must act morally.
(C) Although economists argue that maximizing a corporation’s profits is likely to turn out best for the public, a CEO’s true obligation is still to seek a profit for the corporation’s owners.
(D) Although some people criticize corporations for making unethical decisions, economists argue that such criticisms are unfounded because ethical considerations cannot be applied to economics.
(E) Although critics of corporations argue that CEOs ought to consider the public good when making financial decisions, the results of such decisions in fact always benefit the public.

Furthermore, while obligations such as those of
corporate CEOs to corporate owners are binding in a
business or legal sense, they are not morally
paramount
. The CEO could make a case to the owners
(50) that certain profitable courses of action should not be
taken because they are likely to detract from the public
good.

Ans (A)
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