shen0150 wrote:
Hi everyone,
A dumb question,
How do you know the word "fast growing" is an adjective and not a verb?
If the word fast was taken out, will growing still be consider an adjective?
Hello,
shen0150. Yours is not a dumb question at all. It can be confusing why the same word, the same conjugation, can take on two different parts of speech. In this case, you can tell that
fast-growing is an adjective instead of a verb because whether you choose a trap answer that presents an apparent list, as in choices (A) and (E), or you correctly identify a key split that involves two adjectives and then a verb,
fast-growing runs parallel to
clean, which is itself an adjective, one that describes (or modifies) the subject (in this case, the pronoun
that, itself a stand-in for
industries). Consider the three items or qualities with
industries at the head:
1) industries are clean (noun-verb-adjective)
2) industries are fast-growing (noun-verb-adjective, since we are not attempting to communicate that industries
grow fast)
3) industries pay good wages (noun-verb-direct object)
For
growing to be a verb instead, we would want to convey an action that would make sense in the context of the sentence. For instance, we could say
The tomatoes are growing fast to suggest that
The tomatoes grow fast, but by describing the tomatoes as
fast-growing—e.g.,
The tomatoes are fast-growing—we have flipped the switch and turned what was a verb into an adjective to suggest that we are dealing with
fast-growing tomatoes. Getting back to the question at hand, notice that you could place
clean ahead of the noun it modifies without any problem—
clean industries—just as you could place
fast-growing ahead of the same word—
fast-growing industries. To turn the third part above into an adjective, you would have to get some hyphens ready:
good-wage-paying industries.
To answer your second question, removing
fast from
fast-growing would still leave you with an adjective in this particular sentence. The two parallel elements would be
industries that are clean and
[industries that are] growing, or those that are
growing industries, as opposed to stagnant ones. You can test for an adjectival modifier by seeing if it could be placed ahead of the noun without altering the meaning of the sentence. If the word fits, then you have a modifier instead of a verb.
I hope that helps. If you have further questions, feel free to ask. Good luck with your studies.
- Andrew