Many states, in search of industries that are clean, fast-growing, and

Question

Many states, in search of industries that are  clean, fast-growing, and pay  good wages to skilled workers, are trying to attract high-technology industries.

(A) clean, fast-growing, and pay
(B) clean, grow fast, and that pay
(C) clean and fast-growing and that pay
(D) clean and grow fast, paying
(E) clean, fast-growing, and paying

SC75561.01

DmitryFarber · Accepted Answer

Everything from THAT to WORKERS is modifying the noun INDUSTRIES. So what do we have? Industries THAT x and THAT y. What are our x and y? 
x = ARE clean and fast-growing 
y = PAY good wages

Since clean and fast-growing are adjectives, while pay is a verb, we need a way to provide all of these traits without trying to make them parallel items in one list. So we have the verb ARE to introduce the adjectives, and the verb PAY to make the last point.

gmatt1476 · Answer

Official Explanation

Parallelism; Verb form

The sentence lists three characteristics of the industries that many states most desire to attract. The answer choices each provide ways to conjoin these characteristics within the sentence.

Normally, a series of three nouns or adjectives would have a comma following each one, with and preceding the third. Note that this method requires adequate parallelism among the three items.

As written, the third of these characteristics is conveyed by a verb form, either pay or paying. However, the first of the three items is the adjective clean, which is of course not parallel with the verb pay.

A. This choice is incorrect for the reasons stated above.

B. The adjective clean is not parallel with pay.

C. Correct. Both clean and fast-growing are adjectives and are therefore parallel; they can correctly be conjoined by and. This choice creates a sentence with the relative clause that pay . . . workers. Notice that the sentence has another relative clause that are clean and fast-growing. This relative clause parallels the other one. Using and to conjoin these two clauses, each modifying industries, is logical and correct.

D. The adjective clean is not parallel with the verb grow.

E. The adjective clean is not parallel with the verb form paying.

The correct answer is C.

globaldesi · Answer

Many states, in search of industries that are clean, fast-growing, and pay good wages to skilled workers, are trying to attract high-technology industries.

(A) clean, fast-growing, and pay lacks parallelism . "are" is already a verb there hence pay can not be added iwth pay 
(B) clean, grow fast, and that pay Correct form should be "clean, that grow fast, and that pay" 
(C) clean and fast-growing and that pay maintains parallelism 
(D) clean and grow fast, paying paying is a modifies that should have modified industries 
(E) clean, fast-growing, and paying  paying is incorrect as are as its present continuous with simple present "are"

ArtVandaley · Answer

Only C & E are parallel.I like C over E as industries are not paying high wages now. C says generally that industries that pay high wages.

We dont need present continuous here

sunny91 · Answer

ArtVandaley ,
In option C- Many states, in search of industries that are clean and fast-growing, and that pay good wages.....
Dont you think that we have a parallelism problem. I can see we have the construction Industries that are X and that Y
but here, industries that are clean and fast growing. clean and fast growing are adjectives that describe industries, whereas pay is a verb that talks about what industries do. 
In the OA, the option E is disregarded, for the reason that clean and fast growing are adjectives and paying is a verb. So, its incorrect. I want to understood how is C correct then?

ArtVandaley · Answer

Hi  sunny91 ,

Thanks for asking. I understand where you are making a mistake.

When you read option E(or for that matter, any parellism question), here is what you should do.
You should understand what parts are parallel and then read the stem seperately to see if that makes sense.

for example, She is beautiful and sexy. YOu should see that beautiful and sexy are adjectives defining "she" and when you break down the sentence into two parts, it makes sense- She is beautiful and she is sexy.

Similarly, When it comes to E, you should read it as below.

industries that  are   clean , 
industries that  are   fast-growing , 
and
industries that  are paying  good wages to skilled workers.

Here  VERB   ADJECTIVE .

So, paying is part of a verb and not verbing or adjective.

BEsides, there is a subtle meaning issue with E.  Industries that are paying  restricts the sentence to only those industries that are paying now. Whereas the orginal sentence meant to say  Industries that pay - generally(could be IT industry India, consultancy in US), but it may be the case they the might not be paing high wages right now.

When it comes to C, two that clauses are perfectly parallel and work in conjunction to define the type of industries author is talking about.

Cincy2019 · Answer

I have question of C,

why it does not need a COMMA? I think it should be written as "clean and fast-growing, and that pay.."

Shrey9 · Answer

Hi, the sentence here is like—
“Many states,” ......... modifier.........”, are trying to.....”

If there’s another comma, it will be counted as an error because subject is “states” and the verb is far away “are” .. whole sentence is described giving an additional statement which contains the underlined part as well..

So we don’t need to end the modifier anywhere in the middle where we don’t intend it to end.
It’s like
Eg. 
I, knowing that I’ll be successful in this job and in life, at times doubt my abilities.

If any comma is added before the word “life”.. the modifier will end there

I’m hopeful that you’re able to understand the modifier here : “knowing..... life”

If you compare this sentence with original sentence’s option c), you’ll see quite a similarity and that will help your understanding

Posted from my mobile device

dabaobao · Answer

Main Issue 
Parallelism

clean: adjective
fast-growing: adjective
pay: verb
grow fast: verb
that pay: modifier
are paying: verb

We should have a list in which all items should be same type. Adjective + Adjective = Parallel. Adjective + something else != Parallel

(A) clean, fast-growing, and pay  - Wrong: Parallelism 
(B) clean, grow fast, and that pay  - Wrong: Parallelism 
(C) clean and fast-growing and that pay  - Correct 
(D) clean and grow fast, paying  - Wrong: Parallelism 
(E) clean, fast-growing, and paying  - Wrong: Parallelism

gdatta · Answer

Hi  GMATNinja .. With your logic here it would be: Many states, in search of industries that are clean and fast-growing and that pay, are trying to attract high-technology industries. So, if we replace "that" with "industries" over here then it would not make any sense. So how come C is correct?

DmitryFarber · Answer

gdatta  I don't think any expert would suggest that we replace "that" with "industries" in this sentence. "That" is creating a modifier for "industries," not serving as a pronoun to stand in for that word. Be careful of overgeneralizing from one sentence to another. While "that" can be a regular pronoun, it has many other uses, including its use here as a  relative  pronoun that  modifies  a noun.

RAHUL_GMAT · Answer

Thank you Shrey Can you please explain be below question https://gmatclub.com/forum/to-map-earth ... 4a0508c8f7 Where sayantanc2k explains that "two ands" without a comma is wrong for that particular question Wrong: that originate and ricochet and that travel Right: that originate and ricochet, and that travel Right: that originate, ricochet and travel

DmitryFarber · Answer

RAHUL_GMAT The rule you're citing is not accurate. Sure, if we want to list three equal traits, we're best off saying "that are X, Y, and Z." However, there's nothing grammatically wrong with saying "that are X and Y and that do Z." We can do this to emphasize one item, to separate it out so that the following modifier applies to it alone, or simply to introduce a different verb. Notice that we meet at least one of those criteria here. The second THAT introduces a new verb: "that ARE clean and fast-growing and that PAY good wages." We can't say "that are clean (adjective), fast-growing (adjective), and pay (verb)." We could also argue that the sentence makes more sense when we separate out the pay part, since the modifier "to skilled workers" applies to this term alone.

More broadly, there's nothing wrong with joining two clauses with "and" and no comma: "The movie was three hours long and I hated every minute of it." Further, a RELATIVE clause starting with who/that is quite often attached without a comma. We'd only use a comma if we had a list of relative clauses or some other complexity that needed separating out.

More broadly, there's nothing wrong with joining two clauses with "and" and no comma: "The movie was three hours long and I hated every minute of it." Further, a RELATIVE clause starting with who/that is quite often attached without a comma. We'd only use a comma if we had a list of relative clauses or some other complexity that needed separating out.

Jbbaille · Answer

Hi Everyone,

I can read in the previous post that D is not correct answer because "grow" in not adjective. By saying this, I guess we are assuming that the parallelism in on the adjective "clean". But how do you determine this? Why nobody seems to assume that the parallelism on the verb "is" instead?

For example, the following sentence seems correct to me:
 "I  drink  lots of coke and  eat  lots of hamburgers"

The parallelism here is obviously on the verb.

So is the verb "to be" an exception? Can't we have for example:
 "The dog  is  clean,  needs  lots of attention and  gives  lots of cuddle"

Thanks,

JB

shen0150 · Answer

Hi everyone,

A dumb question,

How do you know the word "fast growing" is an adjective and not a verb?

If the word fast was taken out, will growing still be consider an adjective?

vasuca10 · Answer

DmitryFarber  sir  VeritasKarishma  mam I am able to eliminate options A,B and D due to non parallel structure but I am still not able to understand why Option E is incorrect? Please explain

AndrewN · Answer

Hello,  shen0150 . Yours is not a dumb question at all. It can be confusing why the same word, the same conjugation, can take on two different parts of speech. In this case, you can tell that  fast-growing  is an adjective instead of a verb because whether you choose a trap answer that presents an apparent list, as in choices (A) and (E), or you correctly identify a key split that involves two adjectives and then a verb,  fast-growing  runs parallel to  clean , which is itself an adjective, one that describes (or modifies) the subject (in this case, the pronoun  that , itself a stand-in for  industries ). Consider the three items or qualities with  industries  at the head:

1) industries are clean (noun-verb-adjective)

2) industries are fast-growing (noun-verb-adjective, since we are not attempting to communicate that industries  grow fast )

3) industries pay good wages (noun-verb-direct object)

For  growing  to be a verb instead, we would want to convey an action that would make sense in the context of the sentence. For instance, we could say  The tomatoes  are growing  fast  to suggest that  The tomatoes grow fast , but by describing the tomatoes as  fast-growing —e.g.,  The tomatoes are fast-growing —we have flipped the switch and turned what was a verb into an adjective to suggest that we are dealing with  fast-growing tomatoes . Getting back to the question at hand, notice that you could place  clean  ahead of the noun it modifies without any problem— clean industries —just as you could place  fast-growing  ahead of the same word— fast-growing industries . To turn the third part above into an adjective, you would have to get some hyphens ready:  good-wage-paying industries .

To answer your second question, removing  fast  from  fast-growing  would still leave you with an adjective in this particular sentence. The two parallel elements would be  industries that are clean  and    growing , or those that are  growing industries , as opposed to stagnant ones. You can test for an adjectival modifier by seeing if it could be placed ahead of the noun without altering the meaning of the sentence. If the word fits, then you have a modifier instead of a verb.

I hope that helps. If you have further questions, feel free to ask. Good luck with your studies.

- Andrew

MartyTargetTestPrep · Answer

The version created via the use of (E) is not grammatically incorrect, but the use of the present continuous "paying" is not as good as the use of "that pay" in (C).

The difference is subtle, but "that pay" is a little better than "paying."

The states are in search of industries with certain characteristics, such as industries "that pay good wages."

There are industries that pay good wages and industries that don't pay good wages.

It does not make quite as much sense to say that the states are in search of industries that are in the process of "paying good wages" at the very moment when the states are in search of them.

So, (E) is not strictly incorrect, but (C) is a little better.

GMATIntensive · Answer

Sentence Analysis

https://www.thegmatco.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/17.png

Many states are in search of industries that have three qualities:

1. Clean
2. Fast-growing
3. Good paymaster

In such a search, these states are trying to attract high tech industries.

There is one error in the sentence: verb “pay” is not parallel to the adjective “clean” and “fast-growing”.

Option Analysis

A.  clean, fast-growing, and pay  
 Incorrect . For the reason mentioned above.

B.  clean, grow fast, and that pay 
 Incorrect . The clause “that pay” is not parallel to the verbs “are” and “grow”.

C.  clean and fast-growing and that pay  
 Correct . The sentence now consists of two lists.
1. The first list consists of two adjectives: clean and fast-growing
2. The second list consists of two “that” clauses – “that are clean…” and “that pay…”

Both the lists have parallel elements and thus are correct.

D.  clean and grow fast, paying  
 Incorrect . The comma+verb-ing “,paying” doesn’t provide additional info about the preceding clause. The idea communicate by “paying” needs to be parallel to the idea of “clean” and “fast growth”.

E.  clean, fast-growing, and paying 
 Incorrect . The adjectives “ clean” and “fast-growing” are not parallel to the verb “paying” (“paying” is a verb here since it attaches with “are”, which is common to all the three elements).

Many states, in search of industries that are clean, fast-growing, and

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Many states, in search of industries that are clean, fast-growing, and

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