All correct but took 15 min
The passage implies that which of the following was a reason that the proportion of verdicts in favor of patentees began to increase in the 1830s?
2 reason scholar: judges shift attitude author:population of case because of strict evaluation
A. Patent applications approved after 1836 were more likely to adhere closely to patent law.-correct authors reasoning
B. Patent laws enacted during the 1830s better defined patent rights.
C. Judges became less
prejudiced against patentees during the 1830s.-no where mentioned judges had prejudice
D. After 1836, litigated cases became less representative of the population of patent disputes.
E. The proportion of patent disputes brought to trial began to increase after 1836.
Question 2
The passage implies that the scholars mentioned in line 8 [Recently, however, scholars have questioned whether the American system helped achieve the framers’ goals.] would agree with which of the following criticisms of the American patent system before 1830?
A. Its definition of property rights relating to inventions was too vague to be useful.
B. Its criteria for the granting of patents were not clear.
C. It made it excessively difficult for inventors to receive patents.
D. It led to excessive numbers of patent-infringement suits.
E. It failed to encourage national economic growth.- correct scholars question if the system meet farmers objective
It can be inferred from the passage that the frequency with which pre-1830 cases have been cited in court decisions is an indication that
A. judicial support for patent rights was strongest in the period before 1830
B. judicial support for patent rights did not increase after 1830- correct authors point in the second para(If early judicial decisions were prejudiced against patentees, one might expect that subsequent courts—allegedly more supportive of patent rights—would reject the former legal precedents. But pre-1830 cases have been cited as frequently as later decisions, and they continue to be cited today, suggesting that the early decisions, many of which clearly declared that patent rights were a just recompense for inventive ingenuity, provided a lasting foundation for patent law. )
C. courts have returned to judicial standards that prevailed before 1830
D. verdicts favoring patentees in patent-infringement suits did not increase after 1830
E. judicial bias against patentees persisted after 1830
Question 4
It can be inferred from the passage that the author and the scholars referred to in line 21 [The proportion of verdicts for the patentee began to increase in the 1830s, suggesting to these scholars that judicial attitudes toward patent rights began shifting then.] disagree about which of the following aspects of the patents defended in patent-infringement suits before 1830?
A. Whether the patents were granted for inventions that were genuinely useful
B. Whether the patents were actually relevant to the growth of the United States economy
C. Whether the patents were particularly likely to be
annulled by judges-even if you don't now the meaning of annulled you can still eliminate this option because the disagreement between scholars and authors is not because of judges. GMAT is not a vocab test if you don't know the meaning of a word try to eliminate it on other grounds by referring back to the para
D. Whether the patents were routinely invalidated for reasons that were arbitrary-correct Scholar: arbitrary invalidation author: inventive ingenutity
E. Whether the patents were vindicated at a significantly lower rate than patents in later suits
Question 5
The author of the passage cites which of the following as evidence challenging the argument referred to in lines 14–15 [invalidated patents for arbitrary reasons. This argument is based partly on examination of court]?
A. The proportion of cases that were decided against patentees in the 1820s
B. The total number of patent disputes that were litigated from 1794 to 1830
C. The fact that later courts drew upon the legal precedents set in pre-1830 patent cases-given in second para (But pre-1830 cases have been cited as frequently as later decisions, and they continue to be cited today, suggesting that the early decisions, many of which clearly declared that patent rights were a just recompense for inventive ingenuity, provided a lasting foundation for patent law. )
D. The fact that the proportion of judicial decisions in favor of patentees began to increase during the 1830s
E. The constitutional rationale for the 1836 revision of the patent system
Hit Kudos if you found this helpful