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Quote:
By the end of World War II, America had dropped two atomic bombs on Japan.

By the end of World War II, America dropped two atomic bombs on Japan.

Is one of these incorrect completely or do they differ in meaning only?

Thank you for your help!

If there are 2 events in the past, the previous event uses Past Perfect and the later event uses Simple past.

Previous event - America did something
Later event - World war II ended

So, we have to use Past perfect for the previous event
Correct: By the end of World War II, America had dropped two atomic bombs on Japan
Incorrect: By the end of World War II, America dropped two atomic bombs on Japan

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