Let \(x\) be the initial number of participants in the challenge.
According to the rules, if there are \(P\) active participants in a given month, each walks \(P\) kilometers. This means the group as a whole records \(P \times P = P^2\) kilometers for that month.
Let's break the yearlong (12-month) challenge into three distinct phases:
Phase 1 (First 3 months):Number of participants = \(x\)
Distance per month = \(x^2\)
Total distance for this phase = \(3x^2\)
Phase 2 (Next 6 months):Half the participants leave, leaving \(\frac{x}{2}\) active participants.
Distance per month = \((\frac{x}{2})^2 = \frac{x^2}{4}\)
Total distance for this phase = \(6 \times \frac{x^2}{4} = \frac{3x^2}{2}\)
Phase 3 (Final 3 months):Half of the remaining participants leave, leaving \(\frac{x}{4}\) active participants.
Distance per month = \((\frac{x}{4})^2 = \frac{x^2}{16}\)
Total distance for this phase = \(3 \times \frac{x^2}{16} = \frac{3x^2}{16}\)
We are told the total distance recorded for the entire year is 10,800 km. We can set up our master equation by adding the distances from all three phases:
\(3x^2 + \frac{3x^2}{2} + \frac{3x^2}{16} = 10800\)
To solve this elegantly without multiplying large numbers, let's factor out \(3x^2\):
\(3x^2(1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{16}) = 10800\)
Divide both sides by 3 and find a common denominator for the fraction:
\(x^2(\frac{16 + 8 + 1}{16}) = 3600\)
\(x^2(\frac{25}{16}) = 3600\)
\(x^2 = 3600 \times \frac{16}{25}\)
Since both 3600 and 16/25 are perfect squares, we can avoid large calculations by taking the square root of both sides right now:
\(x = \sqrt{3600} \times \sqrt{\frac{16}{25}}\)
\(x = 60 \times \frac{4}{5}\)
\(x = 12 \times 4\)
\(x = 48\)
There were 48 participants at the beginning of the challenge.
Correct Answer: E