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rahulb2011
I also figured out that " That " and " Those " can be used to indicate copies of the antecedent. in other words restricting the meaning.

Thanks.

And "those" cannot be used if the new copy is plural while the original is singular.

I can say

My product is better than that of my competitor.

or

My products are better than those of my competitors.

But I cannot say

My product is better than those of my competitors
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rahulb2011
" The rapid development of India in the twenty-first century is like England in the eighteenth century."

I understand that there is an illogical comparison . India's development is not like England. However the correct solution includes "that of England" to imply England's development i.e " The rapid development of India in the twenty-first century is like that of England in the eighteenth century."

Doubt: This, that these and those cannot replace nouns, in this case " development "

can someone please clarify..

Would it be correct if we wrote : The rapid development of India in the twenty-first century is like England's in the eighteenth century.
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kunal1608
rahulb2011
" The rapid development of India in the twenty-first century is like England in the eighteenth century."

I understand that there is an illogical comparison . India's development is not like England. However the correct solution includes "that of England" to imply England's development i.e " The rapid development of India in the twenty-first century is like that of England in the eighteenth century."

Doubt: This, that these and those cannot replace nouns, in this case " development "

can someone please clarify..

Would it be correct if we wrote : The rapid development of India in the twenty-first century is like England's in the eighteenth century.

The major issue I see is that it is stylistically a poor choice as it doesn't follow the same structure and introduces a little bit of ambiguity as a result (i.e. the reader has to think a bit, "England's.... what? Oh, England's development"). Consider the reverse case, "India's rapid development in the twenty-first century is like that of England in the eighteenth century." It is similarly awkward to what you wrote. Either "India's rapid development in the twenty-first century is like England's in the eighteenth century" or "The rapid development of India in the twenty-first century is like that of England in the eighteenth century." would be a better way to phrase that sentence.

Colloquially speaking though? Not a big deal. Only on the GMAT haha
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daagh
That has several uses, such as a subordinate conjunction, when it connects a main clause with a sub-clause or as simple pronoun to replace another existing noun {as in this case) or as an adjective when you say -that pen- belongs to me. It is also a restrictive pronoun when it refers to a particular thing in a subordinate clause- (the film that I saw was horrible)

But the use of ‘that’ as demonstrative pronoun nakedly without an accompanying noun is not an acceptable practice in formal writing. This is mostly resorted to in spoken communication, when you have somebody listening to you and you can point out at something physically with your fingers.

Plese visit the link below and you will get to know it better
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/that

--> The rapid development in India is like England's.

--> The rapid development in India is like that of Englands.

Hi sir,
Can you please clarify if a (...'s/...s') can imply (that of/those of)

I know the answer is The rapid development in India is like that of England.
I just wanted to know if my answer "The rapid development in India is like England's" can also be seen as correct.
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