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Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
73% (01:19) correct
27%
(01:31)
wrong
based on 13981
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Scientists have recently found evidence that black holes—regions of space in which matter is so concentrated and the pull of gravity so powerful that nothing, not even light, can emerge from them—probably exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to its host galaxy.
(A) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to
(B) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of
(C) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to
(D) exists at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of
(E) exists at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of
OG16 SC128
(A) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to
(B) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of
(C) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to
(D) exists at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of
(E) exists at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of
OG16 SC128
09 Apr 2018, 05:57
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Quote:
(A) doesn’t seem all that bad. It certainly sounds fine, but there’s a problem with the parallelism and meaning.
Before we get into that, consider the following:
- I believe that Santa Claus is real and that the Knicks will win the 2018 NBA title. → We have two parallel phrases (subordinate clauses, if you like jargon) that begin with “that.” And that’s great: it’s super-clear that these are two things that I believe.
- I believe that Santa Claus is real and the Knicks will win the 2018 NBA title. → Now the parallelism is different. Without “that”, we just have two parallel, independent clauses: “I believe that Santa Claus is real” and “the Knicks will win the NBA title.” That changes the meaning: now, the sentence doesn’t connect “I believe” with “the Knicks will win the NBA title.” And it seems that the latter clause is a fact, rather than something I BELIEVE is true.
We have a similar situation in (A). On both sides of the “and”, we have full, independent clauses:
- “Scientists have recently found evidence that black holes exist at the core of nearly all galaxies…”
- ”…the mass of each black hole is proportional to its host galaxy.”
Here’s the problem: the second independent clause is just a completely separate statement. The second clause (“the mass of each black hole is proportional…”) seems to be a separate fact; without “that” in front of that clause, it’s not clear that scientists have found evidence to support the statement. The statement is just a separate thing.
There’s also a comparison problem with (A). We have “the mass of each black hole is proportional to its host galaxy”, which is illogical: the mass of each black hole might be proportional to the mass of its host galaxy, but it’s weird to suggest that the mass is somehow proportional to the galaxy itself.
So we have a couple of (admittedly somewhat subtle) reasons to eliminate (A).
Quote:
Now the parallelism is better: “Scientists have found evidence that black holes… probably exist… and that the mass of each black hole is proportional…” Cool: now it’s clear that scientists have found evidence for these two things.
The other thing that should jump out at you is the phrase “that of.” “That” is a singular pronoun in this situation (more on “that” in this article), and it clearly refers back to “mass” in (B). And that’s great: “…the mass of each black hole is proportional to the mass of its host galaxy.”
So we can keep (B).
Quote:
(C) is identical to (B), except that the phrase “that of” is missing. And as we mentioned in the explanation for (A), that’s a problem: literally, (C) says that “the mass of each black hole is proportional to its host galaxy”, and that’s not quite right: the mass of the black hole is proportional to the mass of the host galaxy – not to the galaxy itself.
So (C) is out.
Quote:
(D) is identical to (B), except for one little problem: “Scientists have found evidence that black holes… exists…” That’s a wonderfully clear subject-verb error, and we can eliminate (D).
Quote:
(E) has exactly the same subject-verb error as (D): “Scientists have found evidence that black holes… exists…” Plus, the parallelism is a problem, because “and” isn’t followed with “that” – see the explanation for (A) for more on this issue.
So (E) is out, and (B) is our answer.
11 Sep 2015, 04:20
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(A) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to ---- the comparison should be between the mass of the black hole and the mass of the its host galaxy and not the galaxy itself. 'That of' stands for 'the mass of' Secondly the 'introducer ‘that ‘is’ missing, turning the clause unparallel. That is why this choice is wrong
(B) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of --- This corrects the comparison error. 'That' parallelism is also maintained
(C) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to -- same error as in A.
(D) exists at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of -- -holes –exists- SV error
(E) exists at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of--- – 1. ‘Holes –exists’ is SV error 2. That parallelism is missing
(B) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of --- This corrects the comparison error. 'That' parallelism is also maintained
(C) exist at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to -- same error as in A.
(D) exists at the core of nearly all galaxies, and that the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of -- -holes –exists- SV error
(E) exists at the core of nearly all galaxies and the mass of each black hole is proportional to that of--- – 1. ‘Holes –exists’ is SV error 2. That parallelism is missing
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