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02 Feb 2023, 01:44
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Dear experts
Request any one of you to help me with passage summary. I found it very difficult to understand the passage and connect the third paragraph with the previous ones.
Request any one of you to help me with passage summary. I found it very difficult to understand the passage and connect the third paragraph with the previous ones.
02 Feb 2023, 07:52
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tanishkamishra
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I am no Expert.. But I guess if you read the passage at your normal speed (without rushing through) you'll be able to get the summary of the passage...
Infact it's been explained by GMATNinja quite succinctly. Excerpt from the same is reproduced below:-
In the first paragraph, the author: -
Introduces a turning point in the history of biology: from a "historical explanation" to "experimental manipulation."
Says that the "historical explanation" era is important to the discussion and gives some further info.
In the second paragraph, the author:
Explains why biologists liked the historical explanation
Raises an issue with the historical explanation ("The argument that these scientists employed confuses temporal succession and causal explanation.")
In the third paragraph, the author:
Raises a difficulty with the historical explanation ("the factual record of the history of life on earth (e.g., that provided by fossils) was incomplete."
Explains the solution to this difficulty.
Overall, the author's purpose is to discuss the history of biology, and particularly how the historical explanation is important to that discussion.
I hope this helps....
07 Jun 2023, 11:33
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1. The primary purpose of the passage is (C) "discuss the importance of historical explanation in the thinking of nineteenth-century biologists." The passage explores the shift in the field of biology during the nineteenth century, where biologists became less interested in deductive historical explanation and more focused on experimental manipulation. It emphasizes the significance of historical explanation in the thinking of biologists during that period.
2. According to the information presented in the passage, the correct answer is (D) "Biologists' and historians' methods of explaining what they believed to be comparable phenomena were similar." The passage states that the biologist-as-historian and the general historian of human events dealt with comparable phenomena and assumed a common mode of explanation. This implies that biologists and historians used similar methods of explanation for phenomena they studied.
3. The best summary of the "turning point" mentioned in line 2 is (C) "The shift from interest in historical explanation to interest in experimentation." The passage highlights that during the final quarter of the nineteenth century, biologists became less interested in applying historical explanation deductively and more interested in discerning the causes of vital processes through experimental manipulation. This marks the shift in focus from historical explanation to experimentation.
4. The author implies that nineteenth-century biologists who studied embryogenesis believed that they (A) "had discovered physical evidence that supported their use of historical explanation." The passage mentions that the observation of the formation of a new cell from a preexisting cell during embryogenesis seemed to confirm a historical explanation of cell generation. This suggests that the biologists who studied embryogenesis believed they had found physical evidence supporting their use of historical explanation.
5. The passage would be most likely to appear in (B) "A book outlining the history of biology in the nineteenth century." The passage provides an overview of the shift in the field of biology during the nineteenth century, discussing the changing interests and methods of biologists. It explores the importance of historical explanation and its relationship with experimental investigation, making it suitable for a book outlining the history of biology in that period.
2. According to the information presented in the passage, the correct answer is (D) "Biologists' and historians' methods of explaining what they believed to be comparable phenomena were similar." The passage states that the biologist-as-historian and the general historian of human events dealt with comparable phenomena and assumed a common mode of explanation. This implies that biologists and historians used similar methods of explanation for phenomena they studied.
3. The best summary of the "turning point" mentioned in line 2 is (C) "The shift from interest in historical explanation to interest in experimentation." The passage highlights that during the final quarter of the nineteenth century, biologists became less interested in applying historical explanation deductively and more interested in discerning the causes of vital processes through experimental manipulation. This marks the shift in focus from historical explanation to experimentation.
4. The author implies that nineteenth-century biologists who studied embryogenesis believed that they (A) "had discovered physical evidence that supported their use of historical explanation." The passage mentions that the observation of the formation of a new cell from a preexisting cell during embryogenesis seemed to confirm a historical explanation of cell generation. This suggests that the biologists who studied embryogenesis believed they had found physical evidence supporting their use of historical explanation.
5. The passage would be most likely to appear in (B) "A book outlining the history of biology in the nineteenth century." The passage provides an overview of the shift in the field of biology during the nineteenth century, discussing the changing interests and methods of biologists. It explores the importance of historical explanation and its relationship with experimental investigation, making it suitable for a book outlining the history of biology in that period.
