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Sajjad1994
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Sajjad1994 can you please explain the second part? I am still not clear how are we solving it
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samriddhijj
Sajjad1994 can you please explain the second part? I am still not clear how are we solving it
The tricky part is that the question is asking the highest PERCENTAGE (Female to male ratio) of woman NOT the number of women. Now look at 85-90 age bracket. in 85-90 years of age the ratio of the woman to men is highest. 
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KarishmaB Kindly let me know  where the highlighted part is mentioned in the question ?
Sajjad1994

samriddhijj
Sajjad1994 can you please explain the second part? I am still not clear how are we solving it
The tricky part is that the question is asking the highest PERCENTAGE (Female to male ratio) of woman NOT the number of women. Now look at 85-90 age bracket. in 85-90 years of age the ratio of the woman to men is highest. 
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1. The question states, in 2050 in Botswana, the five-year age group with the highest percentage of females will be
------.
2. The highest % of females to be calculated from Total population (in % the value may be higher, however the numerical value may be low).

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KarishmaB chetan2u GMATinsight Please help me understand the highlighted part of the explanation. Kindly explain the second question in simple way. 
Sajjad1994
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To answer the first question, recognize that the widest bar on both ends of the graph is the 30-35 bar (right above the number 30). And the second-widest bar is either the one right above it or right below it. While that distinction may be hard to make without a magnifying glass, note that the bar above it belongs also to "the 30s" (the 30-40 decade) while the one below it is 25-30, belonging to "the 20s." Since the other bar belonging to the 20s is much slimmer than the three discussed thus far, it is clear that the 30s is the most populous group.

To efficiently answer the second question, you can involve the dotted lines. Because the dotted line represents the "excess" population for any one gender, the greater the proportion of the area to the right of the dotted line, the greater the percentage of females. In the 80-85 range, the dotted line splits the female portion almost in half (which would mean that females are about 2/3 of the total), but in the 85-90 range that line is to the left of center, showing that more than half of females are "excess" and thereby demonstrating that females have an even greater percentage of the total population.
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The first part basically asks us to look for the maximum length of the horizontal lines as the horizontal line gives us the population. More the length, more the population. We can see that the two lines between 30 and 40 are the longest. Hence, answer is 30s.

Coming to the second part. Let us understand the graph.
The horizontal line gives the number of males on the left side in blue colour and the number of females on right side in yellow colour. Wherever the number of the two is equal, we have equal length of lines on both side. But incase the number for any one is more, the length becomes bigger there. To give you how much bigger it is in relation to other, a dotted line is put giving the length of the other colour. For example, if you look at 85-90, the yellow portion has dotted line, the length of blue if put on yellow colour would be equal to length till dotted lines.
Thus two cases:-
If No dotted lines- both the lengths are equal.
If a dotted line is there- just check the colour that has the dotted line. The length till dotted lines gives the length of other colour line, while the entire coloured line gives the length of that particular colour. So, clearly the portion of line on the right side of dotted line in yellow colour is excess of yellow over blue, and on the left of the dotted lines in blue colour gives the opposite data.
We are to find the max ratio of females, so look at only yellow colour lines with dots. The excess portion is towards right, so wherever the right of dotted portion is maximum as a % of the left of the dotted line within that colour will be the answer. Here it is 85-90.
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sayan640
KarishmaB chetan2u GMATinsight Please help me understand the highlighted part of the explanation. Kindly explain the second question in simple way. 
Sajjad1994
Official Explanation

To answer the first question, recognize that the widest bar on both ends of the graph is the 30-35 bar (right above the number 30). And the second-widest bar is either the one right above it or right below it. While that distinction may be hard to make without a magnifying glass, note that the bar above it belongs also to "the 30s" (the 30-40 decade) while the one below it is 25-30, belonging to "the 20s." Since the other bar belonging to the 20s is much slimmer than the three discussed thus far, it is clear that the 30s is the most populous group.

To efficiently answer the second question, you can involve the dotted lines. Because the dotted line represents the "excess" population for any one gender, the greater the proportion of the area to the right of the dotted line, the greater the percentage of females. In the 80-85 range, the dotted line splits the female portion almost in half (which would mean that females are about 2/3 of the total), but in the 85-90 range that line is to the left of center, showing that more than half of females are "excess" and thereby demonstrating that females have an even greater percentage of the total population.
­
­Look for the various ranges of age and relative sizes of bar graphs (left and right). part in excess of dotted lines shows excess population. You have more than double population in 85-90 age range for females, hence that's the ans. 
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Step-by-step Solution:
Let’s analyze the given population pyramid for Botswana in 2050 and solve the two parts of the problem step by step.

1. In 2050, there will be more people in Botswana in their 30s than in any other decade of age.
Analysis:
What does the graph show?

The population pyramid shows the number of people (in thousands) on the horizontal axis and age groups (in 5-year increments) on the vertical axis.
Each bar represents a specific 5-year age group, such as 0–4, 5–9, etc.
The longer the bar, the larger the population for that age group.
Breaking it into decades:

Each decade of age combines two 5-year groups:
0–9: Combine the bars for 0–4 and 5–9.
10–19: Combine the bars for 10–14 and 15–19.
And so on...
Observing the graph:

The bars for the 30–34 and 35–39 age groups are the widest, meaning the population of people in their 30s (30–39) is the largest compared to any other decade of age.
Conclusion:
In 2050, the population of Botswana in their 30s (30–39) will indeed be higher than any other age decade.
2. In 2050 in Botswana, the five-year age group with the highest percentage of females will be 85–90.
Analysis:
Excess female population:

In the population pyramid, the dotted lines within the more-populous gender indicate the population of the less populous gender.
The area outside the dotted line represents the "excess population" of either males or females.
Look for a group with the largest female excess:

In the upper age groups (above 70), the bars for females become significantly longer than those for males, especially in the 85–89 range.
This means there is a higher percentage of females in this age group compared to males.
This is typical in older age groups because women tend to have a longer life expectancy than men.
Conclusion:
The 85–89 age group has the highest percentage of females compared to males in 2050.
Final Answer:
The decade with the most people will be the 30s (30–39).
The five-year age group with the highest percentage of females will be 85–89.
These conclusions are based on observations and logical interpretation of the graph.
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