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10 Jul 2021, 07:37
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CrushTHYGMAT
Good question. The meaning distinction between those constructions is pretty subtle, but here's how I'd think about it:
When I see the phrase "in experiments", I expect to see information about the design of the experiment or about something that happened during the experiments. For example:
- "In a groundbreaking experiment, scientists swapped Tim's brain with a Labrador Retriever's."
What did they do in this experiment? They swapped some brains, and Tim got smarter.
Science is very cool!However, when I see "through experiments" I expect to see something about the results or benefits of the experiments. For instance:
- "Through various experiments, scientists were able to determine that Tim is part Labrador."
What was the benefit or result of the experiments? We learned that Tim is part canine. Neat!
In the official example, the opening modifier appears to be modifying the phrase, "mice have received bone marrow transplants." Well, the ultimate goal here is presumably to design a treatment for humans, so the mice getting transplants appears to be a part of the experiment's design, rather than its result. Therefore, I'd prefer, "in experiments."
However, that's subtle enough that, under pressure, you might prefer to use another decision point. Notice that in (B), we get the phrase, "Through experiments designed to provide information ultimately proving useful." This makes it sound as though the experiments have already proved useful. But that doesn't really make sense in this context -- they're experimenting on mice with the objective of developing treatments for people. They haven't proved useful yet.
In (E), we get "In experiments designed to provide information that will ultimately prove useful." This makes more sense. They're doing experiments to mice now with the hope that one day, they'll have treatments for sick people. So (E) is the winner.
I hope that helps!
10 Aug 2021, 12:14
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Isn't it idiomatic for "will prove" to follow "to be": will prove to be useful... (option E)
