Most of the sentence is underlined. Look for Big 4 issues: Structure, Meaning, Modifiers, or Parallelism.
Issues(1) Idiom: for every X, YPronoun: itThe original sentence introduces a two-part idiom:
for every dollar spent on something, it saves seven dollars on other things.
As with any two-part idiom, the X and Y portions need to be parallel. Further, to which noun does
it refer?
There is no referent for the pronoun
it. Eliminate answers (A) and (D).
Next,
every dollar and
it are not parallel; the original sentence lacks parallelism in the X and Y portions of the idiom. Check
the remaining answers:
(A) for every dollar spent, it saves seven dollars
(B) for every dollar spent, seven dollars are saved
(C) for every dollar spent, saves seven dollars
(D) for every dollar spent, that it saves seven dollars
(E) for every dollar spent, that seven dollars are saved
Answer (B) offers a parallel structure:
every dollar matches
seven dollars and
spent matches
saved. Eliminate answers (A). (C), (D), and (E) for lack of parallelism.
(2) Verb / Meaning: would not
The original sentence says that
the action saves seven dollars that would not be spent. This meaning is illogical; the money is
saved now, so it's already clear that it won't be spent either hypothetically or in the future.
The intended meaning is that
the money saved would otherwise have been spent in the past. Eliminate answer (A) for bad verb
tense.
Answer (E) reverses the meaning:
seven dollars are saved that would not have been spent. This is illogical because that
money actually
would have been spent if it had not been
saved. Eliminate answer (E) for illogical meaning.
(3) Structure
The first three answers begin with the word that; the other two move the word that to later in the sentence.
Answers (A) and (B) correctly use the complex sentence structure Subject–Verb-That-Subject–Verb. This structure needs to
contain a clause both before and after the word that:
She believed that despite his gruff demeanor, he was friendly.Answer (C) omits a subject for the second clause: New data show that
(for every dollar spent) saves seven dollars. Eliminate
answer (C).
Answers (D) and (E) move the word that: new data show
(for every dollar spent), that. In the Subject–Verb-That-Subject–
Verb structure, it's strongly preferable to place the word that as close as possible to the first verb (ideally immediately after).
An alternate placement, particularly after a comma, introduces ambiguity: She believed despite his gruff demeanor, that he was
friendly. Is the word that part of the sentence core, or it is introducing a separate modifier? Eliminate answers (D) and (E).
The Correct AnswerCorrect answer (B) removes the faulty pronoun it and uses the parallel structure
for every dollar spent, seven dollars are
saved.