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aurobindomahanty
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01 May 2017, 06:27
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To face danger solely because doing so affords one a certain pleasure does not constitute courage. Real courage is manifested only when a person, in acting to attain a goal, perseveres in the face of fear prompted by one or more dangers involved. Which one of the following statements can be properly inferred from the statements above?
(A) A person who must face danger in order to avoid future pain cannot properly be called courageous for doing so.
(B) A person who experiences fear of some aspects of a dangerous situation cannot be said to act courageously in that situation.
(C) A person who happens to derive pleasure from some dangerous activities is not a courageous person.
(D) A person who faces danger in order to benefit others is acting courageously only if the person is afraid of the danger.
(E) A person who has no fear of the situations that everyone else would fear cannot be said to be courageous in any situation.
(A) A person who must face danger in order to avoid future pain cannot properly be called courageous for doing so.
(B) A person who experiences fear of some aspects of a dangerous situation cannot be said to act courageously in that situation.
(C) A person who happens to derive pleasure from some dangerous activities is not a courageous person.
(D) A person who faces danger in order to benefit others is acting courageously only if the person is afraid of the danger.
(E) A person who has no fear of the situations that everyone else would fear cannot be said to be courageous in any situation.
01 May 2017, 12:46
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aurobindomahanty
According to the statement, the characteristics of real courage are as below:
1. Have Fear
2. Face danger
3. Have a goal
A. 1 is missing
B. 3 is missing
C. 1 is missing
D. Complied all (1, 2, and 3)
E. Missing 1, 2, and 3
Correct answer is D.
General Discussion
01 May 2017, 18:54
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let us simplify the argument given --
1. Facing danger ONLY BECAUSE it affords a certain pleasure --> not Courage -------------(1)
2. Real Courage --> In attaining a goal, a person perseveres in the face of fear prompted by one or more dangers involved -----------(2)
let us look at the answer options now --
Option A - Incorrect
We cannot infer anything about situations that involve "future pain". What if in such a situation, the person perseveres in the face of fear? Then he/she would indeed be courageous according to point #2.
Option B - Incorrect
But what if the person does indeed persevere in face of those one or more dangers? Then he/she would indeed be courageous according to point #2.
Option C - Incorrect
This is an incorrect reading of point #1. If the person faces danger ONLY for pleasure, then he/she cannot be called courageous.
In this case, what if the person ALSO perseveres in the face of fear prompted? That person would then be courageous.
Option D - Correct
This option reads --
A person who faces danger in order to benefit others is acting courageously --> Afraid of the danger
This is more or less, a restatement of point #2. Let us read point #2 carefully. Point #2 talks about courage in ANY situation. The necessary condition involves two things -- 1. fear of the danger 2. perseverance in the face of such fear.
Hence, "afraid of the danger" has to be A necessary condition, the other being "perseverance in the face of such fear". This is true because WITHOUT being afraid of the danger, there is no real courage.
Option E - Incorrect
"cannot be said to be courageous in any situation" -- too extreme. What if the person fears some situations that others do not fear and perseveres? He would then be said to be courageous in THOSE situations.
1. Facing danger ONLY BECAUSE it affords a certain pleasure --> not Courage -------------(1)
2. Real Courage --> In attaining a goal, a person perseveres in the face of fear prompted by one or more dangers involved -----------(2)
let us look at the answer options now --
Option A - Incorrect
We cannot infer anything about situations that involve "future pain". What if in such a situation, the person perseveres in the face of fear? Then he/she would indeed be courageous according to point #2.
Option B - Incorrect
But what if the person does indeed persevere in face of those one or more dangers? Then he/she would indeed be courageous according to point #2.
Option C - Incorrect
This is an incorrect reading of point #1. If the person faces danger ONLY for pleasure, then he/she cannot be called courageous.
In this case, what if the person ALSO perseveres in the face of fear prompted? That person would then be courageous.
Option D - Correct
This option reads --
A person who faces danger in order to benefit others is acting courageously --> Afraid of the danger
This is more or less, a restatement of point #2. Let us read point #2 carefully. Point #2 talks about courage in ANY situation. The necessary condition involves two things -- 1. fear of the danger 2. perseverance in the face of such fear.
Hence, "afraid of the danger" has to be A necessary condition, the other being "perseverance in the face of such fear". This is true because WITHOUT being afraid of the danger, there is no real courage.
Option E - Incorrect
"cannot be said to be courageous in any situation" -- too extreme. What if the person fears some situations that others do not fear and perseveres? He would then be said to be courageous in THOSE situations.
