Beginning in Great Britain and spreading across Western Europe over th

Question

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Beginning in Great Britain and spreading across Western Europe over the course of the nineteenth century,  the Industrial Revolution was a period where new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions .

A) the Industrial Revolution was a period where new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions

B) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions

C) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny have transformed social and economic conditions

D) social and economic conditions were transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny

E) social and economic conditions had been transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny

The official explanation is    here .

NischalP · Answer

For those stuck between B and C,
   IMO is B 
Example: I finished the work yesterday.
It means that I have done the work in some specific time in the past.
Past participle is expresses an action which is complete in the past in unspecific time.
Example : I have finished my work.
It means that I have finished my work in the past,but an unknown time.

Beginning in Great Britain and spreading across Western Europe over the course of the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution was a period where new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions.

A) the Industrial Revolution was a period  where  new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions --  Eliminated- "Where should only refer to a geographic location or in extreme cases to a phrase it performs the similar action of 'in which'.

B) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions  IMO B

C) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny  have  transformed social and economic conditions --  We don't require "have" . Reason mentioned above.
 
D)  social and economic conditions  were transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny --  Beginning of... is a dependent clause and should modify industrial revolutions not social and economic conditions

E)  social and economic conditions  had been transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny-  Same as above.

thenikhilseth · Answer

My choice is  B  option
1) Split 1 Modifier- The industrial revolution v/s social and economic conditions.
Now Revolution can being in Great Britain but not Condition cannot begin, it is illogical to say that.
Eliminate D and E.

2) Split 2- Where v/s In which
Now 'Where' is preferred only when we want to mention any place but here Period is not a place, so  In Which is preferred to Where
 
Eliminate A

3) In between B and C, C is incorrect because of 'Have' (present perfect) usage. We are talking about a past event.

A) the Industrial Revolution was a period  where  new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions

B) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions-  Correct

C) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny  have  transformed social and economic conditions

D)  social and economic conditions  were transformed during the  Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies  such as the spinning jenny

E)  social and economic condition s  had been  transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny

zhanbo · Answer

My answer is (B). It took me 1 minute and 10 seconds.

It is "the Industrial Revolution" that began in GB and spread across Western Europe. The subject has to be "the Industrial Revolution". (D) and (E) are out.

To give example, we use "for example" instead of "like", (A) is out.

Now, compare (B) and (C), they differ in the verb tense. Because the subordinate sentence should read:
New manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny (transformed / have transformed) social and economic conditions  in the Industrial Revolution . With clear past time specified, I prefer "transformed".

monk123 · Answer

Beginning in Great Britain  and spreading across Western Europe over the course of the nineteenth century,  the Industrial Revolution  was a period where new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions.

POE:
Eliminate (D) & (E) on the basis of wrong modifiers. As industrial revolution is the correct subject.
Eliminate (A). 'WHERE' is used to refer to places.
Eliminate (C) on the basis of subject-verb agreement.

A) the Industrial Revolution was a period  where  new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions

B) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions -    CORRECT 
  
C)  the Industrial Revolution  was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny  have  transformed social and economic conditions -  SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

D)  social and economic conditions  were transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny -  MODIFIER ; 
 
E)  social and economic conditions  had been transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny -  MODIFIER

AdiBatman · Answer

Option D and E are out cause they don't start with the subject which the word beginning is modifying. It has to be out of A,B,C.
In case of A, where and usage of like for examples are the issues.
For C, going by the verb perspective, the Industrial Revolution process of transitioning is still on. Which is not the case. It has ended
We won't use it here.
So, B is the sole answer.

Posted from my mobile device

GDT · Answer

Beginning in Great Britain and spreading across Western Europe over the course of the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution was a period where new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions.
  Decision markers : 1. The portion of the sentence before the comma is a modifier for a period-Industrial Revolution and so should be followed by the name 
 of this period
 2. "Where" is used to describe a physical place. The given sentence demands a "in which" to tell more about the period
 3. Since we are talking about an event in past - simple past is preferred

A) the Industrial Revolution was a period  where  new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions   Incorrect. pt 2 applies here

B) the Industrial Revolution was a period  in which  new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions   Correct

C) the Industrial Revolution was a period  in which  new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny  have transformed  social and economic conditions   Incorrect. pt 3 applies here

D) social and economic conditions were transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny   Incorrect. pt 1 applies here

E) social and economic conditions had been transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny   Incorrect. pt 1 applies here

fauji · Answer

Approach:

1. Modifier "the Industrial Revolution" - Starting part of sentence says.. " Beginning in Great Britain.... " What's beginning,.. it is the "the Industrial Revolution" Other option "social and economic conditions" as modifier to are wrong. 
Option  A, B, and C  left.

2. Use of Like/Such. - As per meaning, "new manufacturing technologies" is followed by examples.. so we need "Such as" usage here.
 Option B and C left

3. Tense Usage - as per meaning, things happened in the past during specific time " over the course of the nineteenth century ", we need to use simple past here.
  Option B   - is the Answer.

ravigupta2912 · Answer

D and E gone due to modifier placement error. The noun after verb-ing modifier needs to modify the preceding clause.

A gone due to usage of like -- not used for examples
C gone due to tense error. We don't need present perfect here. Simple past is fine.
B is the winner.

aggvipul · Answer

Its a classic example to test the understanding of verb-ing modifier, usage of like, sub-verb must agree in number, and passive voice construction errors
The org. sentence uses like to give example, like should be used for comparison. Such as is used to give examples.

A) the Industrial Revolution was a period where new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions-  usage of like is incorrect

B) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions-  Bingo! like is replaced with such as

C) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny have transformed social and economic conditions-  adding verb  have  here would lead the subject  the Industrial Revolution  with 2 verbs

D) social and economic conditions were transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny-  passive voice const, ver-ing modifier now non-nonsensically modifies social and economic conditions

E) social and economic conditions had been transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny-  passive cons, why had been there are no related events here

generis · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC2)

THE PROMPT

Quote:

Beginning in Great Britain and spreading across Western Europe over the course of the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution was a period where new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions.

THE OPTIONS

Quote:

A) the Industrial Revolution was a period where new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions

• GMAC is still very strict about where
-- where can be used for actual physical locations, societies, and cultures. (In the case of the last two, I know of one question for each that uses "in which.")
-- where cannot be used for time periods or situations

• such as is probably better than like in order to introduce examples. See Notes, below.

At this point I would not use such as/like as the only basis upon which to eliminate an answer.
The misuse of where is probably fatal.
KEEP, but look for a better answer

Quote:

B) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny transformed social and economic conditions

• in which is correct to describe a historical situation or process
• such as is correct to introduce the spinning jenny
• compared to option A, option B is better. Eliminate (A).
KEEP

Quote:

C) the Industrial Revolution was a period in which new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny have transformed social and economic conditions

• wrong verb!
-- have transformed is in present perfect tense, which "bridges" past and present and suggests that the event or action continues into the present
-- present perfect is constructed by HAS/HAVE + past participle [verbED]
-- the Industrial Revolution and the nineteenth century are over. Simple past tense transformed would be appropriate. Have transformed is not.
ELIMINATE C

Quote:

D) social and economic conditions were transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies such as the spinning jenny

• we have a "dangling modifier"; the noun that the intro refers to is the Industrial Revolution, not social and economic conditions
• What began in Great Britain and spread across Western Europe during the nineteenth century? The Industrial Revolution.
-- The modifier "Touch Rule" states that modifiers must be as close as possible to the noun they modify.
-- When an introductory statement describes a noun, that noun should be the subject of the next clause
-- (D) places social and economic conditions right after the modifier. Wrong.
ELIMINATE D

Quote:

E) social and economic conditions had been transformed during the Industrial Revolution by new manufacturing technologies like the spinning jenny

• same modifier problem as that in option D
• such as is better than like to introduce examples
ELIMINATE E

The correct answer is B.
Option B correctly uses in which to refer to a time period, and such as to introduce the example.

NOTES

• like or such as?
This issue is not easily settled.
In formal writing in most guidebooks, like means similar to, not for example.
We use such as to introduce examples.

Although such as is better than like to introduce examples, the distinction may not be decisive.

A couple of official questions use "like" in the non-underlined portion of the question.

Such as is always correct in order to introduce examples
• GMAC may decide that like is correct
• If all else is equal, LIKE is not better than SUCH AS
-- As far as I know, no correct official answer has ever used "like" to introduce examples.
-- in addition, the use of such as to introduce examples has never been wrong (and will never be wrong).
-- The use of like to introduce examples is not better than such as.
Like may well soon be as acceptable as such as in order to introduce examples, but like will not be better than such as

Many people believe that GMAC will soon abandon the preference for such as.
Before I saw OG VR 2020, I tended to agree.

That agreement depended in part on my assumption that one question would disappear from OG VR 2020.
The question explicitly tests such as and like to introduce examples, although both incorrect options that use "like" have an additional error.
The question did not disappear from OG VR 2020.

Its official explanation states:
The preferred way to introduce examples is with the phrase "such as," rather than with the word "like," which suggests a comparison.

Spoiler alert: two incorrect answers to an official question are revealed

Show Spoiler

The official question (OG VR 2020 #310) is HERE.
In addition to the statement above, the author of the OE writes:
(A) Like should be replaced by such as. Have been becoming is an incorrect verb tense.
(D) Like should be replaced by such as. Those of is unnecessary and awkward. Have been becoming is an incorrect verb tense.

• introductory statements and dangling modifiers

Whenever you see an introductory phrase that begins with ___ING, start looking for noun-modifier problems.
That is, whatever the introduction describes should be the next thing you read about.

In this post, here, I discuss six types of introductory statements and what each kind must modify.

COMMENTS

aggvipul and monk123 , welcome to SC Butler.
fauji , it is good to "see" you again.
GDT and NischalP , you get two welcomes today.

Of course, I am glad to see semi-veteran participants.

If you're a forum member and have felt shy about posting, I have a good idea: post anyway.

Okay, a distraction.
Which country defeated the armies/navies of the British, the Spanish, and the French?
(As far as I know, this country is the only one to have defeated all three countries.)

These answers are good.
Your different prose styles and different analytical approaches will make life easy for those who follow: if one answer does not resonate, another will.
Nicely done. Kudos to all.

Okay, a distraction. Which country defeated the armies/navies of the British, the Spanish, and the French? (As far as I know, this country is the only one to have defeated all three countries.) These answers are good. Your different prose styles and different analytical approaches will make life easy for those who follow: if one answer does not resonate, another will. Nicely done. Kudos to all.

Beginning in Great Britain and spreading across Western Europe over th

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GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

Beginning in Great Britain and spreading across Western Europe over th

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615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

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