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03 Jul 2025, 08:00
Kudos
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
70% (01:50) correct
30%
(02:03)
wrong
based on 745
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Paleontologist: Fossil evidence suggests that the crest of the dinosaur Parasaurolophus contained hollow tubes connected to its nasal passages. One researcher has proposed that the dinosaur used this crest to produce loud, resonant calls for long-distance communication. However, this hypothesis is implausible, since any such call would have had to exceed 100 decibels to travel the distances proposed, and the structure of the crest does not appear capable of producing such high-volume sound.
Which of the following, if true, would most effectively rebut the paleontologist’s objection?
(A) Parasaurolophus likely traveled in herds, where long-distance calls may have had limited usefulness.
(B) Similar hollow-crest structures are found in many other herbivorous dinosaur species.
(C) Fossil reconstructions of the Parasaurolophus crest suggest it was reinforced with cartilage, making it slightly more rigid than bone alone.
(D) The crest may have served multiple functions, including both sound production and thermoregulation.
(E) Soft-tissue structures that do not fossilize could have been involved in vocalization in Parasaurolophus.
Which of the following, if true, would most effectively rebut the paleontologist’s objection?
(A) Parasaurolophus likely traveled in herds, where long-distance calls may have had limited usefulness.
(B) Similar hollow-crest structures are found in many other herbivorous dinosaur species.
(C) Fossil reconstructions of the Parasaurolophus crest suggest it was reinforced with cartilage, making it slightly more rigid than bone alone.
(D) The crest may have served multiple functions, including both sound production and thermoregulation.
(E) Soft-tissue structures that do not fossilize could have been involved in vocalization in Parasaurolophus.
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03 Jul 2025, 08:30
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Bunuel
GMAT Club Official Explanation:
Correct Answer: (E)
The paleontologist argues that Parasaurolophus could not have used its crest to produce long-distance calls because the crest’s structure alone does not appear capable of generating the required volume. Choice (E) effectively rebuts this objection by introducing the possibility that soft-tissue structures—which do not fossilize—may have contributed to vocalization. If such structures were involved, the crest’s apparent limitations may not reflect the dinosaur’s full sound-producing capacity. Thus, the objection based solely on fossilized bone structure is weakened.
Incorrect Options:
(A) Suggests that long-distance calls may not have been useful due to herding behavior. However, this challenges the purpose of the calls, not the feasibility of producing them, and therefore does not address the paleontologist’s objection.
(B) Notes that other species had similar crests but does not provide evidence that those crests could produce the required volume. This background detail neither supports nor refutes the argument in question.
(C) Describes the crest as reinforced with cartilage, but cartilage alone is unlikely to produce or amplify sound significantly. This choice does not effectively counter the volume-based objection.
(D) States that the crest may have served multiple functions. While this may be true, it does not address whether the crest could have produced loud calls, and therefore does not rebut the specific objection raised.
General Discussion
03 Jul 2025, 08:18
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Was confused between C and E.
In E, it introduces a new thing called soft tissue structures that the author ignores, which with in addition with bones, would make high decibel calls. And since its fossilized, the author would have missed it and this rebuts the author.
In C however,it tells it makes the structure more rigid but it doesn't say that it will exceed that 100 decibels needed for the call.So this isn't strong enough rebuttal.
So E is the answer.
In E, it introduces a new thing called soft tissue structures that the author ignores, which with in addition with bones, would make high decibel calls. And since its fossilized, the author would have missed it and this rebuts the author.
In C however,it tells it makes the structure more rigid but it doesn't say that it will exceed that 100 decibels needed for the call.So this isn't strong enough rebuttal.
So E is the answer.
Bunuel
