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03 Jul 2025, 09:38
Kudos
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A - This would weaken the researchers' whole argument rather than that of the paleontologist. We are concerned with whether crest was used to provide long distance communication.
B - does not concern the argument at hand and therefore irrelevant.
C - this weakens the argument as the structure of the crest may indeed be capable of producing high volume sounds if it was reinforced with cartilage
D - the fact that crest may serve multiple functions does not weaken the conclusion crest was also used to produce high pitch sounds.
E - something that could have been involved in vocalisation does not weaken the argument that crest was also involved in producing sounds.
Therefore, Option C
B - does not concern the argument at hand and therefore irrelevant.
C - this weakens the argument as the structure of the crest may indeed be capable of producing high volume sounds if it was reinforced with cartilage
D - the fact that crest may serve multiple functions does not weaken the conclusion crest was also used to produce high pitch sounds.
E - something that could have been involved in vocalisation does not weaken the argument that crest was also involved in producing sounds.
Therefore, Option C
03 Jul 2025, 09:42
Kudos
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It's a weaken the argument question.
Argument/conclusion -
"However, this hypothesis is implausible, since any such call would have had to exceed 100 decibels to travel the distances proposed, and the structure of the crest does not appear capable of producing such high-volume sound"
To weaken the above argument, anything that supports the hypothesis that crest functions to produce long distance noises will do.
(A) Parasaurolophus likely traveled in herds, where long-distance calls may have had limited usefulness.This is actually a strengthener as it negates the hypothesis. Incorrect
(B) Similar hollow-crest structures are found in many other herbivorous dinosaur species.
This does nothing rather than just provide some additional non-relevant info. Incorrect
(C) Fossil reconstructions of the Parasaurolophus crest suggest it was reinforced with cartilage, making it slightly more rigid than bone alone.
This provides some additional info to counter argument posed by Paleontologist that crest structure is lacks capability to produce loud noises. Correct
(D) The crest may have served multiple functions, including both sound production and thermoregulation.
Like Option choice 2, this just provides some additional info which is not relevant. Incorrect
(E) Soft-tissue structures that do not fossilize could have been involved in vocalization in Parasaurolophus.
This feels more like a trap answer as it targets the premise but actually does nothing to counter the argument. The Paleontologist is arguing that the crest is incapable of producing high volume noises and not that the crest is incapable of vocalization
Argument/conclusion -
"However, this hypothesis is implausible, since any such call would have had to exceed 100 decibels to travel the distances proposed, and the structure of the crest does not appear capable of producing such high-volume sound"
To weaken the above argument, anything that supports the hypothesis that crest functions to produce long distance noises will do.
(A) Parasaurolophus likely traveled in herds, where long-distance calls may have had limited usefulness.This is actually a strengthener as it negates the hypothesis. Incorrect
(B) Similar hollow-crest structures are found in many other herbivorous dinosaur species.
This does nothing rather than just provide some additional non-relevant info. Incorrect
(C) Fossil reconstructions of the Parasaurolophus crest suggest it was reinforced with cartilage, making it slightly more rigid than bone alone.
This provides some additional info to counter argument posed by Paleontologist that crest structure is lacks capability to produce loud noises. Correct
(D) The crest may have served multiple functions, including both sound production and thermoregulation.
Like Option choice 2, this just provides some additional info which is not relevant. Incorrect
(E) Soft-tissue structures that do not fossilize could have been involved in vocalization in Parasaurolophus.
This feels more like a trap answer as it targets the premise but actually does nothing to counter the argument. The Paleontologist is arguing that the crest is incapable of producing high volume noises and not that the crest is incapable of vocalization
03 Jul 2025, 09:43
Kudos
Bookmarks
effectively rebut the paleontologist’s objection:
However, this hypothesis is implausible, since any such call would have had to exceed 100 decibels to travel the distances proposed, and the structure of the crest does not appear capable of producing such high-volume sound.
A) This helps the objection
B) Neither helps nor rebut
C) Does not mention if this helps sound
D) We only care about sound
E) This shows that something else could have helped with sound
However, this hypothesis is implausible, since any such call would have had to exceed 100 decibels to travel the distances proposed, and the structure of the crest does not appear capable of producing such high-volume sound.
A) This helps the objection
B) Neither helps nor rebut
C) Does not mention if this helps sound
D) We only care about sound
E) This shows that something else could have helped with sound
