OE:
Read the Original Sentence Carefully, Looking for Errors:
"Unlike the Pulitzer ... an author?" Nope. A prize can't be compared to a person. Eliminate (A).
Scan and Group the Answer Choices:
(C), (D), and (E) correctly compare the Pulitzer Prize to the Nobel Prize. (A) and (B) do not. Use this split to begin to eliminate the choices.
Eliminate Wrong Answer Choices:
Eliminate (B). It incorrectly compares the Pulitzer Prize to an author's achievement.
Eliminate (C). It correctly compares the Pulitzer and Nobel prizes, but then it says the prize is awarded "to an author's ... achievement." The prize is awarded
to the author and
for the achievement.
Eliminate (E). The placement of the modifier "by an author" is unclear. It logically refers to "achievement" but is grammatically referring to "literature." This choice also loses some of the original sentence's meaning because it is no longer clear that the author receives the prize. Here, the Nobel is awarded [
to someone or something] because some author has had a lifetime of achievement.
(D) is correct. Despite being a bit wordy, it properly structures the comparison of the two prizes and does not introduce any other errors.
TAKEAWAY: Comparisons must be logical, comparing the same type of thing, as well as grammatically parallel.