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Updated on: 07 Apr 2020, 23:58
Originally posted by Sajjad1994 on 14 Jan 2017, 00:51.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 07 Apr 2020, 23:58, edited 6 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 07 Apr 2020, 23:58, edited 6 times in total.
Added third question.
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Question 1
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
91% (02:10) correct
9%
(02:02) wrong
based on 361
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
62% (01:33) correct 38%
(01:42) wrong
based on 352
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
33% (01:58) correct 67%
(01:55) wrong
based on 79
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
"Urodeles," a class of vertebrates that includes newts and salamanders, have the enviable ability to regenerate arms, legs, tails, heart muscle, jaws, spinal cords, and other organs. "Planaria," simple worms, can be sliced and diced in hundreds of pieces, with each piece giving rise to a completely new animal. However, while both "urodeles" and "planaria" have the capacity to regenerate, they use different means to accomplish this feat.
In effect, a "urodeles" specimen turns back the biological clock. First, the animal heals the wound at the site of the missing limb. Then various specialized cells at the site, such as bone, skin, and blood cells, lose their identity and revert to cells as unspecialized as those in the embryonic limb bud. This process is called dedifferentiation, and the resulting blastema, a mass of unspecialized cells, proliferates rapidly to form a limb bud. Ultimately, when the new limb takes shape, the cells take on the specialized roles they had previously cast off.
In contrast, "planaria" regenerate using cells called neoblasts. Scattered within the planarian body, these neoblasts remain in an unspecialized, stem-cell state, which enables them at need to differentiate into any cell type. Whenever "planari"a are cut, the neoblasts migrate to the site and form a blastema by themselves. It is interesting to note that this mechanism is similar to that following reproductive fission in these animals, and that species incapable of this form of asexual reproduction have poorly developed regenerative capacities.
In effect, a "urodeles" specimen turns back the biological clock. First, the animal heals the wound at the site of the missing limb. Then various specialized cells at the site, such as bone, skin, and blood cells, lose their identity and revert to cells as unspecialized as those in the embryonic limb bud. This process is called dedifferentiation, and the resulting blastema, a mass of unspecialized cells, proliferates rapidly to form a limb bud. Ultimately, when the new limb takes shape, the cells take on the specialized roles they had previously cast off.
In contrast, "planaria" regenerate using cells called neoblasts. Scattered within the planarian body, these neoblasts remain in an unspecialized, stem-cell state, which enables them at need to differentiate into any cell type. Whenever "planari"a are cut, the neoblasts migrate to the site and form a blastema by themselves. It is interesting to note that this mechanism is similar to that following reproductive fission in these animals, and that species incapable of this form of asexual reproduction have poorly developed regenerative capacities.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A. describe the roles of blastemas in regenerating "urodeles" and "planaria."
B. describe how "urodeles" use the process of dedifferentiation to regenerate.
C. contrast the mechanisms by which "urodeles" and "planaria" accomplish regeneration.
D. show how methods of cellular regeneration have evolved in different animal species.
E. explain the link between reproductive fission and regeneration in simple worms.
A. describe the roles of blastemas in regenerating "urodeles" and "planaria."
B. describe how "urodeles" use the process of dedifferentiation to regenerate.
C. contrast the mechanisms by which "urodeles" and "planaria" accomplish regeneration.
D. show how methods of cellular regeneration have evolved in different animal species.
E. explain the link between reproductive fission and regeneration in simple worms.
2. All of the following are true of dedifferentiation in regenerating "urodeles" EXCEPT:
A. the cells recover their specialized roles after the limb bud takes shape.
B. it involves a regression by cells to an earlier stage of development.
C. specialized cells migrate to the site of the blastema and proliferate rapidly.
D. the healing of the wound at the site of the injury is the first step of the process.
E. dedifferentiation is characterized by a loss, and then recovery, of cellular identity.
A. the cells recover their specialized roles after the limb bud takes shape.
B. it involves a regression by cells to an earlier stage of development.
C. specialized cells migrate to the site of the blastema and proliferate rapidly.
D. the healing of the wound at the site of the injury is the first step of the process.
E. dedifferentiation is characterized by a loss, and then recovery, of cellular identity.
3. In the last sentence of the passage (lines 20–25), the author implies that
(A) reproductive fission and regeneration in certain planaria differ solely in the quantity of new planaria produced.
(B) planaria that reproduce sexually use the process of dedifferentiation to regenerate entirely new animals.
(C) asexual reproduction is related to regeneration in planaria but not in urodeles.
(D) the genetic makeup of planaria created through regeneration would be the same as in those created through reproductive fission.
(E) those planaria that reproduce by splitting themselves in two are more likely to regenerate using the same mechanism.
(A) reproductive fission and regeneration in certain planaria differ solely in the quantity of new planaria produced.
(B) planaria that reproduce sexually use the process of dedifferentiation to regenerate entirely new animals.
(C) asexual reproduction is related to regeneration in planaria but not in urodeles.
(D) the genetic makeup of planaria created through regeneration would be the same as in those created through reproductive fission.
(E) those planaria that reproduce by splitting themselves in two are more likely to regenerate using the same mechanism.
Source: Master GMAT
Difficulty Level: 600
Difficulty Level: 600
14 Jan 2017, 08:30
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First paragraph discusses about regenerative capacity of Urodeles and Planaria.
Second paragraph discusses about the mechanism of regeneration in Urodeles.
Third paragraph discusses about the mechanism of regeneration in Planaria.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A describe the roles of blastemas in regenerating "urodeles" and "planaria." - Incorrect. Partial scope.
B describe how "urodeles" use the process of dedifferentiation to regenerate. - Incorrect. Partial scope.
C contrast the mechanisms by which "urodeles" and "planaria" accomplish regeneration. - Correct.
D show how methods of cellular regeneration have evolved in different animal species. - Incorrect. Out of scope. Evolution of cellular regeneration is not discussed in the passage.
E explain the link between reproductive fission and regeneration in simple worms. - Incorrect. Reproductive fission is discussed only in the last paragraph. Also the link between fission and regeneration is nowhere discussed in the passage.
Answer: C
2. All of the following are true of dedifferentiation in regenerating "urodeles" EXCEPT:
A the cells recover their specialized roles after the limb bud takes shape. - Incorrect. True.
B it involves a regression by cells to an earlier stage of development. - Incorrect. True.
C specialized cells migrate to the site of the blastema and proliferate rapidly. - Correct. False. It must be unspecialized cells and not specialized.
D the healing of the wound at the site of the injury is the first step of the process. - Incorrect. True.
E dedifferentiation is characterized by a loss, and then recovery, of cellular identity. - Incorrect. True.
Answer: C
Second paragraph discusses about the mechanism of regeneration in Urodeles.
Third paragraph discusses about the mechanism of regeneration in Planaria.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A describe the roles of blastemas in regenerating "urodeles" and "planaria." - Incorrect. Partial scope.
B describe how "urodeles" use the process of dedifferentiation to regenerate. - Incorrect. Partial scope.
C contrast the mechanisms by which "urodeles" and "planaria" accomplish regeneration. - Correct.
D show how methods of cellular regeneration have evolved in different animal species. - Incorrect. Out of scope. Evolution of cellular regeneration is not discussed in the passage.
E explain the link between reproductive fission and regeneration in simple worms. - Incorrect. Reproductive fission is discussed only in the last paragraph. Also the link between fission and regeneration is nowhere discussed in the passage.
Answer: C
2. All of the following are true of dedifferentiation in regenerating "urodeles" EXCEPT:
A the cells recover their specialized roles after the limb bud takes shape. - Incorrect. True.
B it involves a regression by cells to an earlier stage of development. - Incorrect. True.
C specialized cells migrate to the site of the blastema and proliferate rapidly. - Correct. False. It must be unspecialized cells and not specialized.
D the healing of the wound at the site of the injury is the first step of the process. - Incorrect. True.
E dedifferentiation is characterized by a loss, and then recovery, of cellular identity. - Incorrect. True.
Answer: C
15 Jun 2018, 03:49
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1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A describe the roles of blastemas in regenerating "urodeles" and "planaria." - True, but it is not the primary purpose.
B describe how "urodeles" use the process of dedifferentiation to regenerate. - True, but it is not the primary purpose.
C contrast the mechanisms by which "urodeles" and "planaria" accomplish regeneration. - This the primary purpose.
D show how methods of cellular regeneration have evolved in different animal species. - False, there is no talk about evolution in the passage.
E explain the link between reproductive fission and regeneration in simple worms. - It does speak about it at the end of the passage but this is not the primary purpose.
Correct choice: C
A describe the roles of blastemas in regenerating "urodeles" and "planaria." - True, but it is not the primary purpose.
B describe how "urodeles" use the process of dedifferentiation to regenerate. - True, but it is not the primary purpose.
C contrast the mechanisms by which "urodeles" and "planaria" accomplish regeneration. - This the primary purpose.
D show how methods of cellular regeneration have evolved in different animal species. - False, there is no talk about evolution in the passage.
E explain the link between reproductive fission and regeneration in simple worms. - It does speak about it at the end of the passage but this is not the primary purpose.
Correct choice: C
