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Nearly all adults in the community of Amaretti, including pregnant women, engage in ritual fasting throughout December and January. A recently completed study has revealed that, on the annual cognitive tests given to Amaretti's first-graders in each of last ten years, nearly 25% of the students scoring in the top fifth of the class, but only about 2% of those scoring in the bottom fifth, were born in November. Because pregnancy lasts nine months, only the mothers of children born in November would not have fasted during the entire pregnancies; therefore, the ritual fasting must have detrimental effects on developing babies.
which of the following ,if true, most weakens the argument?
A. No comparable data are available for students who were in first grade in Amaretti more than 10 years ago.
B. First-grade students who are absent from school when the cognitive tests are administered do not have the opportunity to take them at a latter time.
C. Each school grade in Amaretti is composed of students born between November 1 of a certain year and October 31 of the following year.
D. In Amaretti, non-cognitive birth defects, such as physical deformities , occur at a much lower rate among babies born in November than among babies born in other months
E. In typical year in Amaretti, between one-fourth and one-fifth of all babies are born in November.
From Thursday with Ron —— 20, 02, 2014
which of the following ,if true, most weakens the argument?
A. No comparable data are available for students who were in first grade in Amaretti more than 10 years ago.
B. First-grade students who are absent from school when the cognitive tests are administered do not have the opportunity to take them at a latter time.
C. Each school grade in Amaretti is composed of students born between November 1 of a certain year and October 31 of the following year.
D. In Amaretti, non-cognitive birth defects, such as physical deformities , occur at a much lower rate among babies born in November than among babies born in other months
E. In typical year in Amaretti, between one-fourth and one-fifth of all babies are born in November.
From Thursday with Ron —— 20, 02, 2014
Updated on: 22 Apr 2019, 21:01
Originally posted by DClifelonglearner on 14 Apr 2019, 00:08.
Last edited by DClifelonglearner on 22 Apr 2019, 21:01, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by DClifelonglearner on 22 Apr 2019, 21:01, edited 1 time in total.
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neha283
Let's first consider option E: Every year, approximately 1/4th to 1/5th of all babies are born in November. We would have considered this option had the question mentioned that 25% of the bottom 1/5th scorers were also born in November; but that is not the case. Option E is eliminated.
Option C: It states that the students in the class are born between November 1 and October 31 of the next year. This means that the students born in November are the eldest compared to the rest. Therefore, this could be a reason that they have superior cognitive abilities compared to the rest of the class. This is the correct option.
Answer - C.
I took almost 6 mins to answer this question. However I arrived at the answer after eliminating all other options. Even then I didn't fully understand the meaning of option C. But later on I had to re-read the question and the option several times to understand it.
Hope this helps!!
13 Apr 2019, 09:18
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neha283
Hi,
"A recently completed study has revealed that, on the annual cognitive tests given to Amaretti's first-graders in each of last ten years, nearly 25% of the students scoring in the top fifth of the class, but only about 2% of those scoring in the bottom fifth, were born in November."
-- It says that:
1. Every year for the last 10 years, a cognitive test has been held.
2. The test takers were 1st grade students.
3. Based on the performance of the test takers, a study has been done.
4. The study revealed that --> (Nearly 25% OF the students scoring in the TOP 1/5th of the class) AND (About 2% OF the students scoring in the BOTTOM 1/5th of the class) were born in November.
Because pregnancy lasts nine months, only the mothers of children born in November would not have fasted during the entire pregnancies; therefore, the ritual fasting must have detrimental effects on developing babies.
-- This mentions that:
1. Pregnancy lasts for 9 months.
2. Only the mothers of children born in November would not have fasted during the entire pregnancies. Why is it so? Consider this -> The fasting ritual is practiced in December and January. Pregnancy lasts 9 months and the baby is born after the completion of 9 months. And if the months of December and January should not fall DURING the pregnancy, the only way this can happen is if it (pregnancy) starts in February. Pregnancy would last till the end of October, or November. The baby would then be born in November.
Hence ONLY the mothers of children born in November didn't fast during the entire pregnancy.
The conclusion is that fasting causes a detrimental effect in the cognitive abilities of the children whose mothers fasted during pregnancy.
We can eliminate some of the options:
A --> can be eliminated since it says about data before 10 years.
B --> It doesn't mention the number of students being absent during the tests - it can be 1 student, or more. B is eliminated.
D --> Talks about physical deformities of children. Eliminated.
