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01 Jul 2025, 08:00
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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
54% (02:23) correct
46%
(02:37)
wrong
based on 843
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Zoologist: As part of an experiment, several mature elephants were led to three enclosures- one that contained a distressed calf from the elephant’s herd, one that contained a distressed calf from a different herd, and one that was empty. It was observed that in the majority of cases, the elephants spent more time at enclosures with the calf from their herd than they did at enclosures with the calf from a different herd. This suggests that elephants are more motivated to care for members of their herd than for other elephants.
The zoologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, in the experiment, the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when
A. they were encouraged by a familiar zookeeper than when they were encouraged by an unfamiliar zookeeper
B. the enclosure was empty than when the enclosure contained a distressed calf from a different herd
C. a distressed calf from the elephants’ herd was in the enclosure than when a distressed calf from the elephants’ herd was visible but outside the enclosure
D. a distressed calf in the enclosure appeared interested in the approaching elephants than when the calf ignored them
E. a distressed calf from a different herd appeared friendly toward elephants than when a distressed calf from a different herd displayed hostility
The zoologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, in the experiment, the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when
A. they were encouraged by a familiar zookeeper than when they were encouraged by an unfamiliar zookeeper
B. the enclosure was empty than when the enclosure contained a distressed calf from a different herd
C. a distressed calf from the elephants’ herd was in the enclosure than when a distressed calf from the elephants’ herd was visible but outside the enclosure
D. a distressed calf in the enclosure appeared interested in the approaching elephants than when the calf ignored them
E. a distressed calf from a different herd appeared friendly toward elephants than when a distressed calf from a different herd displayed hostility
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01 Jul 2025, 08:30
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Bunuel
Experts' Global Explanation:
Mind-map: Mature elephants led to three enclosures à one enclosure had calf from the elephant’s herd, one had calf from another herd, and one empty à elephants spent more time with calf from their herd than from another herd à elephants care for members of their herd more than for other elephants (conclusion)
Missing-link: Between elephants spending more time with calf from their herd than from another herd and the conclusion that elephants care for members of their herd more than for other elephants
Expectation from the correct answer choice: To strengthen the conclusion that elephants care for members of their herd more than for other elephants
A. Trap. The argument is concerned with whether elephants care for members of their herd more than other elephants; this answer choice, suggesting that the elephants’ behavior was influenced by whether a familiar zookeeper encourages it, indicates the possibility that the elephants’ behavior in the experiment could have been influenced by another factor other than their care, thus, if anything, casting doubt on, rather than strengthening, the argument. Because this answer choice does not strengthen the conclusion, this answer choice is incorrect.
B. Trap. This answer choice, suggesting that elephants spent more time at empty enclosures than at an enclosure with a distressed calf from a different herd, indicates the possibility that elephants do not like spending time with a distressed calf from a different herd but provides no information about whether they care for members of their herd “more” than for other elephants; so, this answer choice simply adds information, which, although relevant to the broad context of the argument, does not strengthen the conclusion. Because this answer choice does not strengthen the conclusion, this answer choice is incorrect.
C. Correct. This answer choice, suggesting that elephants spent more time with a distressed calf from their herd when the calf was inside an enclosure than when it was free, indicates that the elephants’ behavior was influenced by the presence of the calf inside an enclosure, thus suggesting the possibility that elephants are motivated to care for other elephants in need; together with the experiment’s observation that, between two calves inside enclosures, elephants spent more time with the calf from their herd, this answer choice strengthens the conclusion that elephants care for members of their herd more than for other elephants. Because this answer choice strengthens the conclusion, this answer choice is correct.
D. This answer choice, suggesting that elephants spent more time with a distressed calf when the calf was interested in the elephants than when the calf ignored the elephants, indicates the possibility that elephants like spending time with other interested elephants but provides no information about whether they care for members of their herd “more” than for other elephants; so, this answer choice simply adds information, which, although relevant to the broad context of the argument, does not strengthen the conclusion. Because this answer choice does not strengthen the conclusion, this answer choice is incorrect.
E. This answer choice, suggesting that elephants spent more time when a distressed calf from a different herd was friendly than when it was hostile, indicates the possibility that elephants like spending time with other friendly elephants but provides no information about whether they care for members of their herd “more” than for other elephants; so, this answer choice simply adds information, which, although relevant to the broad context of the argument, does not strengthen the conclusion. Because this answer choice does not strengthen the conclusion, this answer choice is incorrect.
C is the best choice.
General Discussion
MaxFabianKirchner
Joined: 02 Jun 2025
Last visit: 12 Jul 2025
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Given Kudos: 122
Status:26' Applicant
Location: Denmark
Concentration: Finance, International Business
Schools: ESSEC MiF '26 ESADE HEC Imperial LBS Oxford MFE '26 Sloan (MIT) NYU Stern NUS Bocconi IE'26
GPA: 4.0
WE:Other (Student)
Schools: ESSEC MiF '26 ESADE HEC Imperial LBS Oxford MFE '26 Sloan (MIT) NYU Stern NUS Bocconi IE'26
Posts: 65
01 Jul 2025, 08:20
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The argument concludes that elephants spend more time near their own herd's distressed calf because they are motivated to "care" for them.
We need to find the option that best proves this motivation is specifically "care" and not something else, like general curiosity about a familiar sound.
Option (C) is the strongest strengthener. It shows that the elephants are not just reacting to the sight or sound of their calf in the general area, but are specifically approaching the enclosure where the calf is trapped. This targeted action is much stronger evidence of an intent to interact and "care" for the calf, rather than just being curious.
The other options are incorrect because they introduce irrelevant factors (zookeepers, the calf's own behavior) or even weaken the argument (avoiding the other calf more than an empty space).
The correct answer is (C).
We need to find the option that best proves this motivation is specifically "care" and not something else, like general curiosity about a familiar sound.
Option (C) is the strongest strengthener. It shows that the elephants are not just reacting to the sight or sound of their calf in the general area, but are specifically approaching the enclosure where the calf is trapped. This targeted action is much stronger evidence of an intent to interact and "care" for the calf, rather than just being curious.
The other options are incorrect because they introduce irrelevant factors (zookeepers, the calf's own behavior) or even weaken the argument (avoiding the other calf more than an empty space).
The correct answer is (C).
01 Jul 2025, 08:24
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Let's analyze the zoologist’s argument:
Conclusion: Elephants are more motivated to care for members of their own herd than for other elephants.
Evidence: Elephants spent more time near an enclosure containing a distressed calf from their own herd than near an enclosure containing a calf from another herd.
To strengthen the argument, we want to rule out alternative explanations and show that the increased time spent at the herd-calf enclosure is due to the elephants’ motivation to care for their own — not just curiosity, randomness, or proximity.
Option-by-option analysis:
A. “they were encouraged by a familiar zookeeper...”
-> Irrelevant. The argument is about elephant behavior toward calves, not about the influence of zookeepers.
B. “they spent more time at the empty enclosure than at the different-herd calf enclosure”
-> This would actually weaken the conclusion, suggesting that the elephants may not be motivated by herd affiliation but possibly avoiding other calves.
C. “they spent more time at the enclosure when the herd calf was inside than when it was visible but outside”
-> This strengthens the argument: it shows that the elephants’ behavior is specific to the situation where the calf is distressed and in need of care, not just visual recognition or familiarity. Their motivation increases when the calf is enclosed and distressed — suggesting intent to care.
D. “the distressed calf was interested in the elephants”
-> This shifts the focus to the calf’s behavior rather than the elephants’. It doesn’t strengthen the claim about elephant motivation.
E. “the distressed calf from a different herd appeared friendly or hostile”
-> Again, this focuses on the calf’s behavior, not the elephants’. Also, it doesn’t clarify whether elephant motivation to care is based on herd affiliation.
Final Answer: C
Conclusion: Elephants are more motivated to care for members of their own herd than for other elephants.
Evidence: Elephants spent more time near an enclosure containing a distressed calf from their own herd than near an enclosure containing a calf from another herd.
To strengthen the argument, we want to rule out alternative explanations and show that the increased time spent at the herd-calf enclosure is due to the elephants’ motivation to care for their own — not just curiosity, randomness, or proximity.
Option-by-option analysis:
A. “they were encouraged by a familiar zookeeper...”
-> Irrelevant. The argument is about elephant behavior toward calves, not about the influence of zookeepers.
B. “they spent more time at the empty enclosure than at the different-herd calf enclosure”
-> This would actually weaken the conclusion, suggesting that the elephants may not be motivated by herd affiliation but possibly avoiding other calves.
C. “they spent more time at the enclosure when the herd calf was inside than when it was visible but outside”
-> This strengthens the argument: it shows that the elephants’ behavior is specific to the situation where the calf is distressed and in need of care, not just visual recognition or familiarity. Their motivation increases when the calf is enclosed and distressed — suggesting intent to care.
D. “the distressed calf was interested in the elephants”
-> This shifts the focus to the calf’s behavior rather than the elephants’. It doesn’t strengthen the claim about elephant motivation.
E. “the distressed calf from a different herd appeared friendly or hostile”
-> Again, this focuses on the calf’s behavior, not the elephants’. Also, it doesn’t clarify whether elephant motivation to care is based on herd affiliation.
Final Answer: C
