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01 Jul 2025, 09:18
Kudos
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Ans: E
Zoologist:
As part of an experiment, several mature elephants were led to three enclosures- one that contained a distressed calf from the elephant’s herd, one that contained a distressed calf from a different herd, and one that was empty. (Experimental situation)
It was observed that in the majority of cases, the elephants spent more time at enclosures with the calf from their herd than they did at enclosures with the calf from a different herd(P).
This suggests that elephants are more motivated to care for members of their herd than for other elephants. (Conclusion)
The zoologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, in the experiment,
the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when
A. the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when they were encouraged by a familiar zookeeper than when they were encouraged by an unfamiliar zookeeper
Familiarity with the zookeeper is not part of the discussion here. It's the familiarity with the calf or herd mentality of elephants.
B. The elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when The enclosure was empty than when the enclosure contained a distressed calf from a different herd
This doesn't help the conclusion of herd mentality or why they preferred their own herd's calf.
C. the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when a distressed calf from the elephants’ herd was in the enclosure than when a distressed calf from the elephants’ herd was visible but outside the enclosure
this brings in another factor location into the picture with the same calf. we can't compare
D. the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when a distressed calf in the enclosure appeared interested in the approaching elephants than when the calf ignored them
again, same calf different behaviour. and this doesn't say if the calf was from the herd or not from the herd.
E. the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when a distressed calf from a different herd appeared friendly toward elephants than when a distressed calf from a different herd displayed hostility
This shows the different behaviour from same category calf. this shows that elephants are
Zoologist:
As part of an experiment, several mature elephants were led to three enclosures- one that contained a distressed calf from the elephant’s herd, one that contained a distressed calf from a different herd, and one that was empty. (Experimental situation)
It was observed that in the majority of cases, the elephants spent more time at enclosures with the calf from their herd than they did at enclosures with the calf from a different herd(P).
This suggests that elephants are more motivated to care for members of their herd than for other elephants. (Conclusion)
The zoologist's argument would be most strengthened if it were true that, in the experiment,
the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when
A. the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when they were encouraged by a familiar zookeeper than when they were encouraged by an unfamiliar zookeeper
Familiarity with the zookeeper is not part of the discussion here. It's the familiarity with the calf or herd mentality of elephants.
B. The elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when The enclosure was empty than when the enclosure contained a distressed calf from a different herd
This doesn't help the conclusion of herd mentality or why they preferred their own herd's calf.
C. the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when a distressed calf from the elephants’ herd was in the enclosure than when a distressed calf from the elephants’ herd was visible but outside the enclosure
this brings in another factor location into the picture with the same calf. we can't compare
D. the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when a distressed calf in the enclosure appeared interested in the approaching elephants than when the calf ignored them
again, same calf different behaviour. and this doesn't say if the calf was from the herd or not from the herd.
E. the elephants led to the enclosures tended to spend more time at the enclosures when a distressed calf from a different herd appeared friendly toward elephants than when a distressed calf from a different herd displayed hostility
This shows the different behaviour from same category calf. this shows that elephants are
01 Jul 2025, 09:19
Kudos
Bookmarks
A: incorrect. No mention of relationship between Zookeepers, herds, calfs and elephants in passage. Also can't assume that zookeepers are fair comparison to calves.
B: correct. Essentially, Own calf > empty > distressed unrelated calf. We know from the passage that own calf is preferred over the other enclosures. If the variable of distress is introduced and the observed phenomenon still occurs, it strengthens the conclusion that they care more about their own than others.
C: incorrect. Introduces another variable of visibility which doesn't strengthen an argument that compares motivation to care for own over others.
D: incorrect. Curiosity of elephants is not a factor considered in the argument and doesn't suggest greater motivation to care for their own over others.
E: incorrect. Friendliness is not a factor considered in the argument and doesn't suggest greater motivation to care for their own over others.
B: correct. Essentially, Own calf > empty > distressed unrelated calf. We know from the passage that own calf is preferred over the other enclosures. If the variable of distress is introduced and the observed phenomenon still occurs, it strengthens the conclusion that they care more about their own than others.
C: incorrect. Introduces another variable of visibility which doesn't strengthen an argument that compares motivation to care for own over others.
D: incorrect. Curiosity of elephants is not a factor considered in the argument and doesn't suggest greater motivation to care for their own over others.
E: incorrect. Friendliness is not a factor considered in the argument and doesn't suggest greater motivation to care for their own over others.
01 Jul 2025, 09:22
Kudos
Bookmarks
We are given that:
Premise: in the majority of cases, the elephants spent more time at enclosures with the calf from their herd than they did at enclosures with the calf from a different herd.
Conclusion: This suggests that elephants are more motivated to care for members of their herd than for other elephants.
Let's make some variables here:
SH = time spent with elephant from the Same Herd
DH = time spent with the elephant from a Different Herd
E = time spent in an empty enclosure
From the premise, we know that SH>DH
Let's look at the options now:
A. they were encouraged by a familiar zookeeper than when they were encouraged by an unfamiliar zookeeper
B seems to be the best choice.
Premise: in the majority of cases, the elephants spent more time at enclosures with the calf from their herd than they did at enclosures with the calf from a different herd.
Conclusion: This suggests that elephants are more motivated to care for members of their herd than for other elephants.
Let's make some variables here:
SH = time spent with elephant from the Same Herd
DH = time spent with the elephant from a Different Herd
E = time spent in an empty enclosure
From the premise, we know that SH>DH
Let's look at the options now:
A. they were encouraged by a familiar zookeeper than when they were encouraged by an unfamiliar zookeeper
- Familiarity with the zookeeper has no bearing on our conclusion, since, the zookeeper is going to be same for all 3 cases (SH,DH, and E). Eliminate
- This tells us that E>DH. Basis our understanding of the premise, we know, SH>DH. We can deduce that either SH>E>DH or E>SH>DH. In both cases, we see that time spent by the elephants with a calf of the same herd is greater than that of a different herd. Further, we also understand that elephants would rather spend time in an empty enclosure than spend that much time with a calf of a different herd. This strengthens the idea that elephants don't care as much for a calf from a different herd. Keep.
- This just says that the elephants do spend time with the calf of their herd, but it varies in duration, given the proximity to the calf. If it's closer they spend more time, if it's not that accessible they spend less. It doesn't strengthen the argument that they care more for a calf from their own herd vis-a-vis a calf from a different herd. Eliminate.
- What the calf is doing to make the elephant spend more time is irrelevant, since we don't know what calf are we talking about (same herd or different herd). Eliminate.
- Since we are comparing time spent by elephants with the reactions (friendly vs hostile) for the same calf that was from a different herd, it may tell us that elephants care more for friendly calves from different herds rather than for hostile ones. But it doesn't strengthen the argument, that the elephants care for the calves from their own herd rather than from a different one. Eliminate.
B seems to be the best choice.
