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Prior to 1980, many American-made cars did not have anti-lock brakes. These brakes help to prevent cars from skidding and spinning out on ice, and would therefore seem to increase driver control. However, after 1980, when all American-made cars were manufactured with anti-lock brakes, the number of U.S. drivers who experience car accidents due to skidding or spinning out on ice increased by 4 percent annually.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase in the number of drivers who skidded and spun out on ice?
(A) During the winter, the U.S. has an unusually large number of icy roadways.
(B) Cars can be just as likely to skid and spin out just after the beginning of a snowstorm as when roads are covered by patches of ice.
(C) Prior to the introduction of anti-lock brakes in American cars, more drivers skidded and spun out in the U.S. than in any other country.
(D) After 1980, many U.S. drivers who had specifically avoided driving in icy conditions no longer did so.
(E) Many drivers skid and spin out on ice because they fail to steer appropriately rather than because their cars lack anti-lock brakes.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase in the number of drivers who skidded and spun out on ice?
(A) During the winter, the U.S. has an unusually large number of icy roadways.
(B) Cars can be just as likely to skid and spin out just after the beginning of a snowstorm as when roads are covered by patches of ice.
(C) Prior to the introduction of anti-lock brakes in American cars, more drivers skidded and spun out in the U.S. than in any other country.
(D) After 1980, many U.S. drivers who had specifically avoided driving in icy conditions no longer did so.
(E) Many drivers skid and spin out on ice because they fail to steer appropriately rather than because their cars lack anti-lock brakes.
19 Jun 2010, 13:52
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It sounds like some of you are confusing weakening questions with resolve-the-paradox questions.
When weakening a causal argument, you do indeed want to offer an alternative cause.
But resolve-the-paradox questions are like strengthening questions, only instead of strengthening the conclusion, you need to strengthen the sentence that starts with the word of contrast (however, but, nevertheless, etc.).
In this problem you want to explain why it is that "after 1980, ... the number of U.S. drivers who experience car accidents due to skidding or spinning out on ice increased by 4 percent annually." The only answer that explains why skidding/spinning increased after 1980 is D.
A tip for resolve-the paradox questions: Take the sentence that starts with the word of contrast (however, but, nevertheless, nonetheless, etc.), in your head add the the word 'because' after it, and then read your answer to see if it makes sense.
Ex. Skidding/spinning increased after 1980 because "after 1980, many U.S. drivers who had specifically avoided driving in icy conditions no longer did so."
For more useful tips and tricks on the topic, check out the Critical Reasoning III lesson at gmaxonline.
When weakening a causal argument, you do indeed want to offer an alternative cause.
But resolve-the-paradox questions are like strengthening questions, only instead of strengthening the conclusion, you need to strengthen the sentence that starts with the word of contrast (however, but, nevertheless, etc.).
In this problem you want to explain why it is that "after 1980, ... the number of U.S. drivers who experience car accidents due to skidding or spinning out on ice increased by 4 percent annually." The only answer that explains why skidding/spinning increased after 1980 is D.
A tip for resolve-the paradox questions: Take the sentence that starts with the word of contrast (however, but, nevertheless, nonetheless, etc.), in your head add the the word 'because' after it, and then read your answer to see if it makes sense.
Ex. Skidding/spinning increased after 1980 because "after 1980, many U.S. drivers who had specifically avoided driving in icy conditions no longer did so."
For more useful tips and tricks on the topic, check out the Critical Reasoning III lesson at gmaxonline.
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