What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting

Question

What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting territories, and how did they come to be? The dominant  view  in recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership, were not found among Algonquians (a group of North American Indian tribes) before contact with Europeans but are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade, in combination with other factors such as ecological changes and consequent shifts in wildlife harvesting patterns. Another  view  claims that Algonquian family hunting territories predate contact with Europeans and are forms of private landownership by individuals and families. More recent fieldwork, however, has shown that individual and family rights to hunting territories form part of a larger land-use system of multifamilial hunting groups, that rights to hunting territories at this larger community level take precedence over those at the individual or family level, and that this system reflects a concept of spiritual and social reciprocity that conflicts with European concepts of private property. In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system.   1 
 1. It can be inferred from the passage that proponents of the view mentioned in the first highlighted text believe which of the following about the origin of Algonquian family hunting territories?

(A) They evolved from multifamilial hunting territories.
(B) They are an outgrowth of reciprocal land-use practices.
(C) They are based on certain spiritual beliefs.
(D) They developed as a result of contact with Europeans.
(E) They developed as a result of trade with non-Algonquian Indian tribes.

2 
 2. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) provide an explanation for an unexpected phenomenon
(B) suggest that a particular question has yet to be answered
(C) present a new perspective on an issue
(D) defend a traditional view from attack 
(E) reconcile opposing sides of an argument

3 
 3. According to the passage, recent fieldwork has revealed which of the following about rights to hunting territories in Algonquian societies?

(A) Rights at the individual level take precedence over those at the family level. 
(B) Rights at the multifamilial level take precedence over those at the family level.
(C) These rights developed as a result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by contact with Europeans.
(D) These rights developed in response to European challenges to Algonquian private land ownership.
(E) These rights developed in response to recent ecological changes that have negatively affected the availability of game.

fluke · Accepted Answer

Hats off to GMATPrep for creating such nice passages and thanks to the authors for posting them.

Issue: What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting territories.
Discuss:
How the hunting territories came into existence and presents two opposing views about its creation, however both the views agree that these properties are to be considered private property.
Author presents an information about recent studies regarding these properties. Those studies suggest that rights of these properties are dictated at a social level rather than a private level and needs some considerations before conforming them as private property.

1.
family hunting territories are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade.
D.

2.
(C) present a new perspective on an issue.
there are  now strong reasons to think that  it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system.
The tone of the author suggests that she/he wants a revaluation before categorization of the property.

3.
rights to hunting territories at this larger community level take precedence over those at the individual or family level, 
B.

JarvisR · Answer

Time taken 5:30 mins.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
C. present a new perspective on an issue
"View 1 , View 2 and View 3. In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system."

2. It can be inferred from the passage that proponents of the view mentioned in the first highlighted text believe which of the following about the origin of Algonquian family hunting territories?
D. They developed as a result of contact with Europeans.
"The dominant viewin recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership, were not found among Algonquians (a group of North American Indian tribes) before contact with Europeans but are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade"

3. According to the passage, proponents of the view mentioned in the first highlighted portion of text and proponents of the view mentioned in the second highlighted portion of text ( see in "Another view claims...") both believe which of the following about Algonquian family hunting territories?
A They are a form of private landownership.
"The dominant viewin recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership....
.....
Another view claims that Algonquian family hunting territories predate contact with Europeans and are forms of private landownership"

Shivikaa · Answer

In Q3, I didn't understand why A is the answer ?
It states that ' The dominant viewin recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership, were not found among Algonquians'
What I understood from this statement is Algonquians didn't have private landownership territories. 
Please suggest where did I go wrong ?

Thanks in advance.

GMATNinja · Answer

We need to select an answer choice that would be believed by proponents of BOTH views. Let's start by looking at those two views:

1) Family hunting territories (FHTs), a  form  of private landownership, were  not  found among Algonquians before contact with Europeans. According to this view, FHTs "were the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade, in combination with other factors such as ecological changes and consequent shifts in wildlife harvesting patterns." 
2) "Algonquian family hunting territories  predate  contact with Europeans and are forms of private landownership by individuals and families."

According to one view, FHTs came about AFTER contact with Europeans. According to the other view, FHTs PREDATE contact with Europeans. Choice (C) cannot be correct because only the second view says that FHTs PREDATE European contact. As for choice (D), proponents of both views might agree that FHTs are a  form  of private land ownership, but only the first view says that Algonquian FHTs resulted from European contact.

Choice (A), on the other hand, is consistent with both views. Even though Algonquians did not HAVE FHTs prior to European contact, proponents of the first view would still agree that FHTs are a  form  of private landownership. In other words, proponents of the first view would say that FHTs are a FORM of private landownership and that Algonquians did not have this form of private landownership prior to European contact.

I hope that helps!

payalkhndlwl · Answer

GMATNinja

Can you please explain this question:

2. It can be inferred from the passage that proponents of the view mentioned in the first highlighted text believe which of the following about the origin of Algonquian family hunting territories?
A. They evolved from multifamilial hunting territories.
B. They are an outgrowth of reciprocal land-use practices.
C. They are based on certain spiritual beliefs.
D. They developed as a result of contact with Europeans.
E. They developed as a result of trade with non-Algonquian Indian tribes.

I selected E --> "before contact with Europeans but are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur  trade , in combination with other factors such as ecological changes and consequent shifts in wildlife harvesting patterns."

The change was more because of fur "TRADE".

GMATNinja · Answer

For question #1, take another look at the exact wording of (E):
 
This answer choice doesn't just focus on trade in general -- it makes a claim about trade between the Algonquian tribes  and non-Algonquian Indian tribes.

The text that you've quoted talks about " European-Algonquian  fur trade," or trade between the Algonquian tribe and  Europeans . Proponents of the highlighted view believe that THIS trade led to the development of Algonquian family hunting areas.

Because (E) focuses on trade between the Algonquians and non-Algonquian tribes (which is not discussed at all in the passage), we cannot say that proponents of the highlighted view would believe the information in this answer choice. (E) is out.

Take another look at (D):
 
This answer choice correctly identifies contact with Europeans as one factor cited in the highlighted view. (D) is the correct answer for question #1.

I hope that helps!

mSKR · Answer

A C and E are easy eliminations

For B:
 and how did they come to be?
View 1
view2:
View3:
But view doesn't mean question is answered. As there are multiple views , it suggest that this question is still unanswered. is not it?

C talks only about view. this view could be part of bigger question ,

So why not B prefer over C?

Please comment  GMATNinja   CrackVerbalGMAT   MartyTargetTestPrep   GMATNinjaTwo

GMATNinja · Answer

Question 2 
 
The question asks us to find the primary purpose of the passage. In other words,  why  did the author write this thing?

You're right that the "question" isn't 100% answered. But is it the author's  primary purpose  to suggest that the question hasn't been answered?

Nope. The author goes through the first two viewpoints, and but only to lead up to the more recent perspective -- which he/she has "strong reason" to believe is the correct way to look at the issue. So, the author's primary purpose is to present this new perspective.

(B) is out because it doesn't capture the author's primary purpose, and (C) is the correct answer to question 2.

I hope that helps!

VerbalBot · Answer

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What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting

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What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting

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