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[quote="Bunuel"]When John requested the assistance of a certain professor with his thesis, which is by no means related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics are essential in order to test John's main hypothesis.

A. is by no means related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics are essential in order to
Subject verb disagreement

B. in no way is related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematic is an essential
Meaning changed
Mathematics is essential to test John's main hypothesis and mathematics is essential are two different meanings
Infinitive v/s Adjective

C. clearly has nothing whatsoever to do with mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is essential in order to
Wordy and meaning changed

D. Correct

E. in no way have any relation to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is to essentially

Subject verb disagreement
Meaning changed
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My answer is (D). It took me 01:10.

(A) “mathematics” is a singular noun; "are" is wrong.
(B) “mathematic is an essential test John's main hypothesis” is not a properly constructed clause.
(C) "clearly has nothing whatsoever" is clearly an overblown statement shunned by respectable authors.
(E) Relative noun which refers to a singular noun (his thesis), making "have any relation" incorrect.
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the correct construction is mathematics is essential
mathematics - cannot be counted.. similar to happiness - singular

A. mathematics are essential - singular subject - plural verb - eliminate
B. mathematic is an essential test john's hypothesis - incorrect construction - eliminate
the meaning too differs. "is essential to" means is required to vs. "is an essential test" is a test that is required
C. clearly has nothing whatsoever to do with mathematics - wordy - eliminate
D. Correct
E. in no way have any relation to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is to essentially - thesis (singular) - have (plural verb) - eliminate.
Also, mathematics is essential (required) to test - mathematics is to essentially (basically) test - meaning differs
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When John requested the assistance of a certain professor with his thesis, which is by no means related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics are essential in order to test John's main hypothesis.

A. is by no means related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics are essential in order to - Mathematics is singular and cannot take 'are'. Incorrect.

B. in no way is related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematic is an essential - 'mathematics is an essential test' changes the meaning of the sentence.

C. clearly has nothing whatsoever to do with mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is essential in order to - Incorrect. The sentence is wordy.

D. in no way is related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is essential in order to - Correct. Gives the precise meaning of the sentence.

E. in no way have any relation to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is to essentially - Incorrect.

IMO D
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When John requested the assistance of a certain professor with his thesis, which is by no means related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics are essential in order to test John's main hypothesis.

IMO D


A. is by no means related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics are essential in order to
B. in no way is related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematic is an essential
C. clearly has nothing whatsoever to do with mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is essential in order to
D. in no way is related to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is essential in order to
E. in no way have any relation to mathematics, the professor replied that mathematics is to essentially

Reasoning
1. Mathematics is singular, use of are is wrong. A eliminated
2. Fitting B into the sentence- mathematic is an essential test John's main......What???
3. In C- it corrects the mistake in A, but the expression clearly has nothing whatsoever to do with is unnecessarily wordy.
4. Fitting E into thee sentence makes no sense.....mathematic is to essentially test John's...
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