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21 Jun 2021, 22:03
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DrWho
DrWho - You are missing a critical point - The question says
"What would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?"
The question is not asking what will weaken Krech's theory. We need to weaken Krech's objection to Martin's theory.
What is Krech's objection to Martin's theory?
Martin's theory says that humans arrived and caused extinction of animals.
Krech says, "Martin, you are wrong. Extinctions happened even where humans were not present and extinctions of small animals also happened though humans did not hunt smaller animals."
Now, how do we weaken what Krech told Martin? By saying, "Krech, guess what, even if humans did not consume small animals, they used them for other things. So your point to Martin is not valid."
Martin excluded climate change from his theory i.e. did not say whether climate change could be responsible or not. We are not given that Martin said that climate change cannot be responsible. We are only given that he excludes it from his explanation. Krech brought up the point of climate change. He said that climate change could have a role to play since it happened at the end of that period.
We could go on to say, "Krech, by the way, you are wrong too. Both, arrival of humans and extinction of animals happened much before the end of that period."
But this would be how we will object to Krech's theory. This is not how we will object to Krech's objection of Martin's theory.
Hope the distinction is clear.
harshavin
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26 Jun 2021, 10:04
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GMATNinja For question 1 listed here, although the other options are farfetched, doesn't Option B also make a considerable jump in saying that Martin 'denied' that the extinctions were caused by climate change? The passage only says that he 'excluded' that as one of the reason.
Another question, what role does the first line play in the passage? 'A theory advanced by Martin' Does this mean he added his bits to an existing theory or did he present a theory that wasn't prevalent as such by providing additional evidence?
Another question, what role does the first line play in the passage? 'A theory advanced by Martin' Does this mean he added his bits to an existing theory or did he present a theory that wasn't prevalent as such by providing additional evidence?
29 Jun 2021, 09:15
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Question 1
harshavin
There isn't a huge difference in meaning between "exclude" and "deny" in this context. Both words tell us that Martin rejected the theory that climate change caused the extinctions. So it is accurate to say that Martin's theory "denies that the Pleistocene species extinctions were caused by climate change." And, as you've mentioned, the other answer choices are just plain wrong.
(B) is the correct answer for question #1.
As for the first sentence: to "advance" a theory means to advocate for that theory and to put it into discussion. We don't know the exact origins of the theory -- Martin could have developed it himself, or he could have developed it in collaboration with others, or he could have merely tweaked the work of other researchers.
We DO know that he is arguing for that particular theory, and this is the most important detail to understand as you work through the passage. We have Martin's view on one side, and then we see how that view is challenged or supported by Krech and White.
I hope that helps!
