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555-605 Level|   Clauses|   Modifiers|                        
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According to the Economic Development Corporation of Los Angeles County, if one were to count the Los Angeles metropolitan area as a separate nation, it would have the world’s eleventh largest gross national product, that is bigger than that of Australia, Mexico, or the Netherlands.

Issue: Structure | Meaning

Analysis:
1. The sentence talks about a hypothetical situation in which Los Angeles metropolitan area is a nation, though it is actually not.
- The correct form for such cases is: if + subject + simple past tense + could/would/might + verb in simple form
- So the form of this sentence should be: if X were Y, it would ....


I have highlighted the issues in options below:

A. if one were to count the Los Angeles metropolitan area as a separate nation, it would have the world’s eleventh largest gross national product, that is
- ", that.." that is incorrectly used for non-essential modifier here

B. if the Los Angeles metropolitan area is counted as a separate nation, it has the world’s eleventh largest gross national product, that being
- ", that.." that is incorrectly used for non-essential modifier here

C. if the Los Angeles metropolitan area were a separate nation, it would have the world’s eleventh largest gross national product,

D. were the Los Angeles metropolitan area a separate nation, it will have the world’s eleventh largest gross national product, which is

E. when the Los Angeles metropolitan area is counted as a separate nation, it has the world’s eleventh largest gross national product, thus

Answer: C
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According to the Economic Development Corporation of Los Angeles County, if the Los Angeles metropolitan area were a separate nation, it would have the world's eleventh largest gross national product, bigger than that of Australia, Mexico, or the Netherlands.

The underlined portion is the correct answer to Qn 30 of GMAT Verbal 2016.

My doubt is if 'Los Angeles metropolitan area' uses the verb 'were', that means it is regarded as plural right ? So usage of it in 'it would have the...' will make it a wrong option right ?

Guys, can anyone help me out here ? Am I missing anything ?

Hi,
it is correct the way it is..
reason:-
'if' is used in hypothetical situations and the 'if clause' in these situations takes plural verb irrespective of the singular subject..
for example..
if I were the prime minister, i would do ....
if country x were a super power, it would have flexed its muscles more than present super powers..
hope it helps

three formats of conditional sentences..

1) If + present simple , future simple
Example: If you work hard, you will pass with good marks.

2) If + past simple , conditional simple (would + infinitive)
Example: as in the cases mentioned above

3) If + past perfect, past conditional
Example: If ravi had learnt his lessons, he wouldn't have failed his exam


"Would Have" in "then clause" , requires past perfect in "If clause".

option C . has "would have" in then clause but no past perfect in if clause.

i am confused.

pls help
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Hi VeritasPrepKarishma GMATNinja generis

Can you please help me to understand usage of two THATs and comparison in A/ E?
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Hi VeritasPrepKarishma GMATNinja generis

Can you please help me to understand usage of two THATs and comparison in A/ E?

You need to use subjunctive here - Considering Los Angeles metropolitan area a separate nation is hypothetical. It is not a separate nation. Hypothetical situations use subjunctive case. It uses the second conditional discussed here: https://www.gmatclub.com/forum/veritas-prep-resource-links-no-longer-available-399979.html#/2015/1 ... nals-gmat/

In (A), "that" is used incorrectly. The first "that" acts as a relative pronoun which is restrictive so it shouldn't be after a comma. Though what follows that is not a restrictive modifier since it only adds to already well defined "eleventh largest GNP". Hence the use of that is incorrect.
The second that acts as a pronoun for "gross national product".

Here is a post on the uses of "that": https://www.gmatclub.com/forum/veritas-prep-resource-links-no-longer-available-399979.html#/2017/0 ... t-on-gmat/
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Dear mikemcgarry sir,

I read all posts above and understand why option D is wrong.
But please confirm my understanding .
If is subordinating conjunction, which is missing in option D.
Thus two Independent clause can't be joined by just COMMA.
Hence option D is comma splice.

Thanks Prashant
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pg789
Dear mikemcgarry sir,

I read all posts above and understand why option D is wrong.
But please confirm my understanding .
If is subordinating conjunction, which is missing in option D.
Thus two Independent clause can't be joined by just COMMA.
Hence option D is comma splice.

Thanks Prashant
The test for a comma splice is whether the components on either side of the comma can stand on their own as complete sentences.

In (D) we have "were the Los Angeles metropolitan area a separate nation, it will have the world’s eleventh largest gross national product." That first part, "were the Los Angeles metropolitan area a separate nation," isn't an independent clause. Rather, "were" is awkwardly acting as a subordinator -- basically, it functions similarly to the word "if", and makes the clause dependent.

It's better to use concrete grammatical/logical problems to eliminate (D). Others have noted that the second clause should use "would have" rather than "will have." Also, the clause following "the world's eleventh largest gross national product," begins with "which is" suggesting that this hypothetical is actually a fact. That's illogical, so (D) is out.

I hope that helps!
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"it" in choice A is also wrong because it can refer to separate nation or Los angeles.
it is ambiguous
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thangvietnam, there's no pronoun ambiguity. All five choices use "it," but in the hypothetical situation described, L.A. and the autonomous nation are the same thing! It's like saying "If my car were a dog, it would wag its tail when it saw me." Does "it" mean car or dog? Who cares? They're both the same here. (And I want that car!)
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if country x were a super power, it would have flexed its muscles more than present super powers.

Would you explain me use of "were" in if clause and "would have VerbIII" in main clause?
What I understood till now that use of would have verbIII comes together with past perfect tense in if clause.


chetan2u
ted123
According to the Economic Development Corporation of Los Angeles County, if the Los Angeles metropolitan area were a separate nation, it would have the world's eleventh largest gross national product, bigger than that of Australia, Mexico, or the Netherlands.

The underlined portion is the correct answer to Qn 30 of GMAT Verbal 2016.

My doubt is if 'Los Angeles metropolitan area' uses the verb 'were', that means it is regarded as plural right ? So usage of it in 'it would have the...' will make it a wrong option right ?

Guys, can anyone help me out here ? Am I missing anything ?

Hi,
it is correct the way it is..
reason:-
'if' is used in hypothetical situations and the 'if clause' in these situations takes plural verb irrespective of the singular subject..
for example..
if I were the prime minister, i would do ....
if country x were a super power, it would have flexed its muscles more than present super powers..
hope it helps

three formats of conditional sentences..

1) If + present simple , future simple
Example: If you work hard, you will pass with good marks.

2) If + past simple , conditional simple (would + infinitive)
Example: as in the cases mentioned above

3) If + past perfect, past conditional
Example: If ravi had learnt his lessons, he wouldn't have failed his exam
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chetan2u is right. To express a hypothetical (not in the past), we use "If x WERE . . . it WOULD":

If I were you, I would not press that button.
If the album were any good, I would be surprised.
If her parents were alive, they would be very proud of her.
If her father were alive, he would be very proud of her.
(Note no change between plural and singular.)
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Quote:
gvij wrote


if country x were a super power, it would have flexed its muscles more than present super powers.

Would you explain me use of "were" in if clause and "would have VerbIII" in main clause?

What I understood until now that use of would have verbIII comes together with past perfect tense in if clause.

The cited first clause is wrong. You can't combine were with would have flexed. At best, you can put it three ways correctly.

1. If country X had been a superpower, it would have flexed its muscles more than present super powers.

2. Had country X been a super power, it would have flexed its muscles more than present super powers.

3. If country X were a super power, it would flex its muscles more than present super powers.

More importantly, we must remember that this is no more than a flight of fancy and that country X would never be a super power either now or in the future.
However, your understanding expressed in the second clause, that would have + past participle in the main clause is right only if it has a past perfect in the 'if clause, is perfectly ok.


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chetan2u is right. To express a hypothetical (not in the past), we use "If x WERE . . . it WOULD":

If I were you, I would not press that button.
If the album were any good, I would be surprised.
If her parents were alive, they would be very proud of her.
If her father were alive, he would be very proud of her.
(Note no change between plural and singular.)


What confuses me is the fact that I must assume that it is hypothetical. What if L.A. County becomes independent in 5 years and students see this question. Do I really must assume it, only because currently its not true but hypothetical?

Thanks in Advance!
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That’s a pretty far out speculation! Sure, you could argue that this requires us to know that L.A. is not a country, but this should be common knowledge. Correct grammar always relies on meaning and does not operate in a vacuum.

In any case, we need to use all 5 choices to discern the intended meaning, and from such a reading it becomes clear that the author is presenting a hypothetical, not an established fact.

Posted from my mobile device
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I chose C because of proper conditional usage. But still curries about modifier ", bigger than that of Australia, .."

"If the Los Angeles metropolitan area were a separate nation, it would have the world???s eleventh largest gross national product,
bigger than that of Australia, Mexico, or the Netherlands."

I cannot remember the cases when I met such modifiers starting from comparative adjective. Could someone explain their usage? Thanks a tone! :)
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EducationAisle

For option C, what does the statement "bigger than that..." act as? I rejected this choice because it seems that it is not noun + noun modifier or any modifier for that matter.

Thank you
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Brego7
it seems that it is not noun + noun modifier
Yeah, but isn't it implied:

...the world’s eleventh largest GNP, (GNP that is) bigger than that of Australia, Mexico, or the Netherlands.

For example:

He is a tall man, taller than this world has even seen.

It equivalent to:

He is a tall man, (a man who is) taller than this world has even seen.

Do agree that I haven't seen many such examples getting tested on GMAT.
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Brego7
it seems that it is not noun + noun modifier
Yeah, but isn't it implied:

...the world’s eleventh largest GNP, (GNP that is) bigger than that of Australia, Mexico, or the Netherlands.

For example:

He is a tall man, taller than this world has even seen.

It equivalent to:

He is a tall man, (a man who is) taller than this world has even seen.

Do agree that I haven't seen many such examples getting tested on GMAT.

I am having a hard time understanding this. Do you know any example on the internet that people are talking about or in your book similar to this.

From what I understood is that "bigger than..." is a noun + noun modifier. Noun is ommited in this case (this is first time i EVER see this) and "bigger" is an adjective that is modifying our noun that is not stated.

Is that correct understanding??

Side note: Learning about all this grammar, makes me even lazier writing grammatically correct in the forums lol. Don't you think talking and writing grammatically correct will take too much time in ordinary life? Like picking correct verb tense in the past to indicate what came first in ordinary speech?

Thank you again very much! You the best
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