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Information is singular. So it should be "is primarily stored".
So, option A, B, C are out.

merely takes better form than mere.

The answer is E.

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C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
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Bunuel
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely


 


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The subject "the learned information" will take a singular verb "is". We can eliminate options which use plural verb "are" for the singular subject "the learned information".

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
SV don't agree. Can be eliminated for the reasons mentioned above.
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
SV don't agree. Can be eliminated for the reasons mentioned above.
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
SV don't agree. Can be eliminated for the reasons mentioned above.
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
We do have a SV agreement in this option, but we need the adverb "merely" to modify "four small parts". We can eliminate this.
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
We do have a SV agreement in this option. And this option correctly uses the adverb "merely" to describe "four small parts". Correct.

The correct answer is option E.
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely

Explanation:
The original underlined phrase has a issues. Per the intended meaning of the sentence the 'Learned information' which is encoded in 86 billion human brain's neurons is stored in four small parts of the brain.

Here the subject is 'Learned information' is singular, but the verb used is 'are' stored instead of singular verb 'is stored'. Also the use of '86 billion of the neurons found in human brain' is awkward and wordy way of saying 86 billion neurons in human brain or 86 billion of the human brain's neurons.

Hence we can eliminate Options A, B and C straightaway on the basis of SV agreement error.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely: As explained above, INCORRECT
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere: As explained above, INCORRECT
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely: As explained above, INCORRECT
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere: As explained above, use of 86 billion neurons found in human brin is wordy and awkward. Also use of 'mere' is wrong as it changes the intended meaning. INCORRECT
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely: This choice correctly follows the SV agreement rule and conveys the intended meaning. CORRECT
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"the learned information" is the subject and requires the singular verb "is". Eliminate options A, B and C. Option E is unncessarily wordy and does not have the article "the" before 86 billion, thereby changing the meaning.

Answer Option D.
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

learned information is singular so the verb must be singular. Thus we can eliminate A,B,C for using are instead of is.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
This is Incorrect cause of are
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
This is Incorrect cause of are
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
This is Incorrect cause of are

(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
This is correct.
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
This is Incorrect cause it sounds awkward.
ANswer = D
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(A) "the learned information" is a singular verb, so the sentence:- "the learned information encoded ..... brain are primarily stored in merely...." is wrong. There should be "is" in its place instead.

(B) and (C) have similar errors as (A) in the use of "are" while referring to "the learned information" which is singular.

(D) "is" is correctly used to refer a singular noun. But, "stored in a mere four small parts of the brain" is incorrect. "stored in a mere" gives us an indication of a singular noun ahead of it, but "four small parts" is plural, and hence this usage is incorrect.

(E) This sentence is grammatically correct and logically clear. Hence this is the correct answer.
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Bunuel
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

Quote:
(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
86 billion of the neurons means that there could be more than 86 billion neurons in a human brain and just 86 billion of them are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain. What about the rest of the neurons? Where are they stored? Meaning is not clear.

Quote:
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
Similar issue as present in A.

Quote:
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
No S-V error & adding "the" before 86 billion limits the possibility of any other neurons which are not present in the brain.

Quote:
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
86 billion neurons -> plural
is -> singular.
S-V agreement error.

Quote:
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
Similar issue as present in A & B.

IMO OA should be C.
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answer is E.

intended meaning is that learned information is encoded in 86 billion neurons of all the neurons available in the brain. and this information is primarily stored in just 4 parts of the brain. Note that we use IS here since we are talking about the encoded information, which is singular.

A, B and C use "..are primarily stored ..". thus eliminate A, B and C
option D implies the brain contains only 86 billion neurons. the intended meaning is messed up. further the use of mere is wrong here. merely is the right usage since the intended meaning is how JUST 4 parts of brain is used to store such a huge information. option E ticks all the right boxes, so eliminate D and E is the right answer
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
incorrect use of 'of' --- '86 billion neurons found in the human brain' is appropriate usage; S-V agreement error through the use of 'are'

(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
S-V agreement error through the use of 'are'

(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
change of context through the use of plural ie, human brains instead of the human brain in the original stimulus

(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
correct S-V agreement through the use of 'is' for singular subject ie, the information; use of adverbial phrase 'in a mere' is also correct -- to match with the non-underlined portion

(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
while there is correct S-V agreement through the use of 'is' for singular subject ie, the information; use of 'in merely' phrase is wrong; use of '86 billion of the human brain’s neurons' conveys incorrect meaning by referring to only a specific part of all neurons in the human brain


(D) is the CORRECT answer
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Bunuel
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely


 


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"the learned information" is singular and thus the apt pronoun for it would be "is", therefore, we eliminate (A), (B) and (C) on this basis.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely

Now let's look at the remaining answer choices

(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
The first issue that jumps out to me is the use of the words "a mere" preceding the non underlined portion- "four small parts of the brain", which is incorrect. Secondly, "the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain" suggests that there are a total of 86 billion neurons in the human brain, which is the original intent of the text's author. Eliminate.

(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
Stylistically correct and logical. Keep.
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86 billion neurons is treated as singular and must take singular verb. The is preferred to bring emphasize.

A. "Are" is incorrect
B. "Are " is incorrect
C. "Are" is incorrect
D. Correct form
E. "Merely" is incorrect

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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely

First and most importantly notice the usage of 'is' vs 'are', since the main subject of the sentence is 'the learned information encoded' the usage of 'are' is incorrect. So A, B, C are out. In D, to say the least 'in a mere four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum' is incorrect - it should be 'in merely'

Bunuel bb
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(A) "of the neurons" doesnt make sense with modifying 86 billion. Hence this is incorrect
(B) merely should be used instead of "mere".Hence this is incorrect
(C) Seems correct with correct of usage of merely and correct placement of modifiers.
(D) merely should be used instead of "mere".Hence this is incorrect
(E) "is" doesnt agree in number with "86 billion neurons"

Hence the suspected correct answer is (C).
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For me, it came down to D vs. E in this question.

The subject in this sentence is information, and not neurons. So the correct verb choice here would be "is" and not "are". Therefore, A,B,C are ruled out.
Quote:
(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely

Between D and E, E just sounded more awkward, so I chose D.

Quote:
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
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(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely

Issue: The phrase "86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain" is not grammatically correct. It should be "86 billion neurons found in a human brain." Also, the use of "are" is incorrect; it should be "is" since the subject is a singular noun ("86 billion") treated as a unit.

(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere

Issue: Similar to option (A), the phrase "86 billion of the human brain's neurons" is not grammatically correct. It should be "86 billion neurons found in human brains." Additionally, the word "mere" does not fit in the context of the sentence.

(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely

This option is grammatically correct and conveys the intended meaning accurately. It uses the correct phrasing "the 86 billion neurons found in human brains" and maintains subject-verb agreement with "are."

(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere

Issue: The use of "the human brain" suggests a singular brain, but the subject "86 billion neurons" is plural. Therefore, the correct verb should be "are" instead of "is." Additionally, "a mere" is not the right phrase to use in this context.

(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely

Issue: Similar to the issues in options (A) and (B), the phrasing "86 billion of the human brain's neurons" is incorrect, and "is" should be replaced with "are." The word "merely" is also awkwardly placed at the end of the sentence.
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Bunuel
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely


 


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(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely - Incorrect subject - verb agreement error singular subject learned information doesn't agree with plural verb are
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere - Incorrect - Same issue as A
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely - Incorrect same error as A
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere - Correct
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely - Incorrect - meaning issue sentence seems to imply that 86 billions neurons of the brain are randomly selected for storing information
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