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Right off the bat one can see a split of "are" and "is" in the answer choices. Both "are" and "is" are verbs which need to link to a subject. In this case, it's with "the learned information". "The learned information", is a singular subject and thus requires the singular, "is". That eliminates (A), (B) and (C)


(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
Correct! It's clear and concise. No issues at all.

(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
There are two issues with this choice. Firstly, changing from "the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain" to "86 billion of the human brain's neurons" changes the meaning. The former, means that the 86 billion includes all of the neurons in the brain, while the latter implies that only 86 billion out of all of the neurons encode. Secondly, the use of 'merely' is incorrect here as 'merely' is an adverb, and "four small parts" requires an adjective.

ANSWER D
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merelyCorrectMakes sense
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mereIncorrect86 billion should refer to neurons, not human brain's neurons
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merelyIncorrectuse of article"the" is incorrect
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mereIncorrect use of the helping verb "is" is incorrect
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merelyIncorrectuse of "is" incorrect
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Bunuel
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely


 


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(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(Meaning wise it is incorrect. The sentence looks like it is saying 86 billion of the neurons are stored in four parts. Inference can be made that there are more than 86 billion neurons of which 86 billion are stored in four parts of brain.)

(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(Same as B)

(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(the learned information is singular and are cannot refer to this)

(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(Correct. The clause is conveying that the learned information is stored in four parts of brain and not 86 billion of neurons)

(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
(Same as A)

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My Answer: E

The first point of difference is between using are or is. Since learned information is singular, is should be used. Hence, A, B and C are eliminated.

Option D: stored in a mere four small parts of the brain is grammatically incorrect.
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely - Incorrect SV error as Infomation is singular and verb is plural
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere - Incorrect SV
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely - Incorrect SV
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere - Correct
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely - Incorrect -error in meaning of 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons

Option D is correct
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i) 86 million vs The 86 million (we don't need THE)
ii) mere vs merely (we need mere adjectove to modifiy noun)

As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely (adjective merely is modifying four small parts of brain: wrong)
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere (Right)
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely ("The": we are talking about specific 86 billion neurons- wrong)
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere (SV issue)
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely (SV issue)
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C is the right answer.

It must be 'the 86 billion' and not '86 billion'.
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
learned information and verb usage is are . hence incorrect

(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
learned information and verb usage is are . hence incorrect

(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
learned information and verb usage is are. hence incorrect

(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
is goes well with the learned information. mere as an adjective looks good.

(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
is goes well with the learned information. 86 billion lack noun . it seems as information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons of the human brain. merely is an adverb which is not required

D is the answer
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Notice that the main subject is "the learned information", we must use singular verb "is" instead of "are"
-> Eliminate options A, B, and C for this error
Option D is incorrect in the use of "a mere" to go with "four small parts"
Answer E is correct, clear meaning with no error
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Bunuel
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely


 


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(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely - Incorrect. We are talking about the information that is found in 4 part of the brain. Thus the verb should be is.
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere - same problem as option A.
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely - "The" conveys that there are only 86 billion neurons which is not the case. Inocrrect.
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere - Same problem as option C
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely - Correct. Does not have any of the flaws mentioned above.
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely

Let us destroy it,

A)"86 billion of the neurons ", it is not intended meaning
B) "a mere" is not used correctly
C) It looks like pretty good, leave in
D) the same mistake like B
E) it does not describe accurate meaning

Answer:C
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Bunuel
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely


 


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The subject is the learned information so it requires singular verb... learned information... is primarily stored. This leaves only D and E.

Now it comes down to meaning... does the brain only have 86 billion neurons or the 86 billion neurons in question are stored in four parts of the brain? Since it mentions "primarily stored," I would lean towards the latter. IMO E.
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
The learned information is singular so, is primarily required.

(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
Same as A

(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
Same as A

(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
in a mere is incorrect , merely is correct usage here.

(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
E is Correct choice , is primarily is used to refer to The learned information.
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely - Correct
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere - Incorrect - mere is not a fitting transition to the subsequent excerpt
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely - Incorrect - human brains cannot be in plural
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere - Incorrect - 86 billion neurons cannot be singular, so we cannot use the singular tense "is"
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely - Incorrect - 86 billion neurons cannot be singular, so we cannot use the singular tense "is"
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As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
The verb "are" is correct here because "neurons" is the subject and is plural. However, "merely" may not be the best choice of words here, and the phrase "86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain" is a bit awkward. I think, 'the learned information' refers to some specific information, and that should be present in 'specific 86 billion neurons' and not just any 86 billion neurons.
(eliminate)

(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
This option has the same verb agreement issue as option A, and "a mere" is awkward. Also, here also, I think we should be specific while talking abuot the 86 billion neurons. Same awkwardness in the phrase: "86 billion of the neurons", as in option A.
(eliminate)

(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
Not the best option, but let's keep for now. There are no grammatical errors.
(keep)

(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
This option incorrectly uses "is", which doesn't match with the plural subject "neurons".
(eliminate)

(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
This option also incorrectly uses "is", which doesn't match with the plural subject "neurons".
(eliminate)

I think the best option among these is (C).
I will go with (C).
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Bunuel
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely


 


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The learned information should followed by is primarily. we can drop A B and C for this reason.
merely four small parts of the brain. we drop D for this reason
E is the answer.
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Quote:
As a result of Karl Lashley’s work in the field of anatomy, neuroscientists now believe that the learned information encoded in 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely four small parts of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.

(A) 86 billion of the neurons found in a human brain are primarily stored in merely
-Suspected to be incorrect.
Rationale: The words "found in a human brain" refer to any brain.


(B) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons are primarily stored in a mere
-Suspected to be incorrect.
Rationale: The words "of the human brain's neurons" makes human brain the subject instead of the neurons. The word "in a mere" to refer to the parts of the brain. Instead, this should be "in merely".


(C) the 86 billion neurons found in human brains are primarily stored in merely
-Suspected to be correct.
Rationale: The use of "the" refers to the neurons.


(D) the 86 billion neurons found in the human brain is primarily stored in a mere
-Suspected to be incorrect.
Rationale: The word "is" should be "are" to refer to the neurons. The word "in a mere" to refer to the parts of the brain. Instead, this should be "in merely".


(E) 86 billion of the human brain’s neurons is primarily stored in merely
-Suspected to be incorrect.
Rationale: The words "of the human brain's neurons" makes human brain the subject instead of the neurons. The word "is" should be "are" to refer to the neurons.
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