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Question 1
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
38% (02:23) correct
62%
(02:27) wrong
based on 1160
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
52% (01:12) correct 48%
(01:19) wrong
based on 1100
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
45% (00:50) correct 55%
(00:53) wrong
based on 1071
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
63% (01:20) correct 37%
(01:28) wrong
based on 1016
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Desert plant populations have evolved sophisticated physiological behavioral traits that aid survival in arid conditions. Some send out long, unusually deep taproots; others utilize shallow but widespread roots, which allow them to absorb large, intermittent flows of water. Certain plants protect their access to water. The creosote bush produces a potent root toxin which inhibits the growth of competing root systems. Daytime closure of stomata exemplifies a further genetic adaptation; guard cells work to minimize daytime water loss, later allowing the stomata to open when conditions are more favorable to gas exchange with the environment. Certain adaptations reflect the principle that a large surface area facilitates water and gas exchange. Most plants have small leaves, modified leaves (spines), or no leaves at all. The main food-producing organ is not the leaf but the stem, which is often green and non-woody. Thick, waxy stems and cuticles, seen in succulents such as cacti and agaves, also help conserve water. Spines and thorns (modified branches) protect against predators and also minimize water loss.
1. The passage refers to the spines and thorns of desert plants as
I. genetically evolved structural adaptations that protect against predation
II. genetic modifications that aid in the reduction of water loss
III. structures that do not participate directly in food production
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II and III
I. genetically evolved structural adaptations that protect against predation
II. genetic modifications that aid in the reduction of water loss
III. structures that do not participate directly in food production
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II and III
2. The author suggest that the guard cells of desert plants act to do which of the following?
I. Facilitate gas and water exchange between the plants and their surroundings
II. Cause the stomata of desert plants to remain closed during daytime hours
III. Respond to sudden, heavy rainfalls by forcing the plants’ stomata to open
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I, II, and III
I. Facilitate gas and water exchange between the plants and their surroundings
II. Cause the stomata of desert plants to remain closed during daytime hours
III. Respond to sudden, heavy rainfalls by forcing the plants’ stomata to open
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I, II, and III
3. The passage suggests that which of the following weather-related conditions would most benefit plants with shallow root systems?
(A) An unusually prolonged drought
(B) A windstorm
(C) A flash flood
(D) A light spring rain
(E) A winter snowfall
(A) An unusually prolonged drought
(B) A windstorm
(C) A flash flood
(D) A light spring rain
(E) A winter snowfall
4. The adaptations of desert plants to their environment would tend to support the statement that
(A) the rate of genetic evolution is greater in the desert than in more temperate surroundings
(B) structures in a plant which usually perform one function may, under certain conditions, perform different functions
(C) while the amount of leaf surface area is critical for a desert plant, it is much less so for plants in most other environments
(D) desert plants do not have many physiological and behavioral traits in common with other plants
(E) desert plants could probably adapt to life in a variety of harsh ecosystems
(A) the rate of genetic evolution is greater in the desert than in more temperate surroundings
(B) structures in a plant which usually perform one function may, under certain conditions, perform different functions
(C) while the amount of leaf surface area is critical for a desert plant, it is much less so for plants in most other environments
(D) desert plants do not have many physiological and behavioral traits in common with other plants
(E) desert plants could probably adapt to life in a variety of harsh ecosystems
22 Apr 2019, 18:50
Kudos
Bookmarks
Official Explanation
Topic and Scope: Desert plant adaptations and how aid in these plants’ survival.
Purpose and Main Idea: The author is trying to describe the physiological traits that desert plants have adapted in order to survive in arid conditions.
Paragraph Structure: The first paragraph describes some general adaptations. The second paragraph discusses adaptations based on the principle that a large surface area facilitates water and gas exchange.
Purpose and Main Idea: The author is trying to describe the physiological traits that desert plants have adapted in order to survive in arid conditions.
Paragraph Structure: The first paragraph describes some general adaptations. The second paragraph discusses adaptations based on the principle that a large surface area facilitates water and gas exchange.
1. The passage refers to the spines and thorns of desert plants as
Difficulty Level: 700
Explanation
The whole passage focuses on structural and behavioral adaptations that desert plants have made in order to survive. While the word “genetic” is used only once (in the last sentence of paragraph 1), it’s clear that many of these modifications are genetic. Spines and thorns, which are identified in the second paragraph as modified leaves and branches, are inferably among these genetic adaptations. In the last sentence, it’s further stated that they protect against predation (I) and also that they help minimize water loss (II). Option III is confirmed in the third sentence of the second paragraph: most of a desert plant’s food is produced in its stem, not in its leaves, so it’s pretty clear that spines and thorns (again, modified leaves and branches) have little or nothing to do with food production.
ANSWER: E
Difficulty Level: 700
Explanation
The whole passage focuses on structural and behavioral adaptations that desert plants have made in order to survive. While the word “genetic” is used only once (in the last sentence of paragraph 1), it’s clear that many of these modifications are genetic. Spines and thorns, which are identified in the second paragraph as modified leaves and branches, are inferably among these genetic adaptations. In the last sentence, it’s further stated that they protect against predation (I) and also that they help minimize water loss (II). Option III is confirmed in the third sentence of the second paragraph: most of a desert plant’s food is produced in its stem, not in its leaves, so it’s pretty clear that spines and thorns (again, modified leaves and branches) have little or nothing to do with food production.
ANSWER: E
2. The author suggest that the guard cells of desert plants act to do which of the following?
Difficulty Level: 700
Explanation
Like question 1, this is another detail question, this time focusing on the functioning of guard cells, mentioned in the sentence that concludes paragraph 1. This sentence discusses two closely related plant features: the stomata and the guard cells. You read first that daytime closing of the stomata is an adaptation that helps to minimize daytime water loss. The second half of the sentence clearly implies that it’s the guard cells that control this opening and closing of the stomata. So, the guard cells force the stomata to close during the day, to minimize water loss, and then they later cause the stomata to open, when conditions for gas exchange between the plant and its environment are more favorable. The first two options are thus clearly suggested. The third option, however, is an unjustified inference. Nothing at all is stated to link the functioning of guard cells to sudden downpours.
ANSWER: D
Difficulty Level: 700
Explanation
Like question 1, this is another detail question, this time focusing on the functioning of guard cells, mentioned in the sentence that concludes paragraph 1. This sentence discusses two closely related plant features: the stomata and the guard cells. You read first that daytime closing of the stomata is an adaptation that helps to minimize daytime water loss. The second half of the sentence clearly implies that it’s the guard cells that control this opening and closing of the stomata. So, the guard cells force the stomata to close during the day, to minimize water loss, and then they later cause the stomata to open, when conditions for gas exchange between the plant and its environment are more favorable. The first two options are thus clearly suggested. The third option, however, is an unjustified inference. Nothing at all is stated to link the functioning of guard cells to sudden downpours.
ANSWER: D
3. The passage suggests that which of the following weather-related conditions would most benefit plants with shallow root systems?
Difficulty Level: 750
Explanation
The stem is looking for the weather-related condition that would especially benefit plants with shallow root systems. Shallow root systems are mentioned up in the second sentence, and the point is that these specially adapted roots allow desert plants to take advantage of heavy, irregular flows of water. One example would be a very heavy, torrential downpour. The only choice that comes close to this is a flash flood. Flash floods result from unexpected, torrential rainfall. (A) and (B) are impossible; neither drought nor windstorms involve water. (D) won’t work because a light rain doesn’t fit with the idea of a large, sudden quantity of water. (E), finally, is pretty impossible , too. First, this choice doesn’t suggest a heavy, intermittent snowfall, and second, nothing is said in the passage to suggest snow would be of special benefit to shallow rooted plants.
ANSWER: C
Difficulty Level: 750
Explanation
The stem is looking for the weather-related condition that would especially benefit plants with shallow root systems. Shallow root systems are mentioned up in the second sentence, and the point is that these specially adapted roots allow desert plants to take advantage of heavy, irregular flows of water. One example would be a very heavy, torrential downpour. The only choice that comes close to this is a flash flood. Flash floods result from unexpected, torrential rainfall. (A) and (B) are impossible; neither drought nor windstorms involve water. (D) won’t work because a light rain doesn’t fit with the idea of a large, sudden quantity of water. (E), finally, is pretty impossible , too. First, this choice doesn’t suggest a heavy, intermittent snowfall, and second, nothing is said in the passage to suggest snow would be of special benefit to shallow rooted plants.
ANSWER: C
Hope it helps
aankit
General Discussion
15 Apr 2017, 20:06
Kudos
Bookmarks
I think an answer to question no 7 is not correct. because in the paragraph it is written: "the main food-producing organ is not the leaf but the stem". And it means spines and leaves are not main food processing organ so it may subsidiary food producing organs.
