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705-805 (Hard)|   Inference|   Must be True|                  
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 09 Jan 2022, 19:58
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jabhatta2

(i) Every driver would be likely to crash at some time
(ii) Every driver will crash at some time

Is there any difference between these two ?

Too me, both are one of the same
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jabhatta2 no.
"will happen" and "likely to happen" are NOT synonymous. There's a crucial difference in meaning. Please look up the definitions.

If I know that I'm likely to live past my 70th birthday, I'll still purchase a 20-year life insurance policy just in case - so that my family is taken care of.
If I know that I will live past my 70th birthday - well, that insurance policy is a complete waste of money!
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 09 Jan 2022, 20:47
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WinWinMBA
For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high degree of both international accord and ability to prevent goods from entering or leaving that country must be sustained. A total blockade of Patria's ports is necessary to an embargo, but such an action would be likely to cause international discord over the embargo.

The claims above, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?


(A) The balance of opinion is likely to favor Patria in the event of a blockade.

(B) As long as international opinion is unanimously against Patria, a trade embargo is likely to succeed.

(C) A naval blockade of Patria's ports would ensure that no goods enter or leave Patria.

(D) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.

(E) For a blockade of Patria's ports to be successful, international opinion must be unanimous.
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Already excellent explanation by KarishmaB. I chose (E) but realised 2 mistakes.

1. 'high degree accord' is not same as 'unanimous'
- The argument says a 'high degree of both international accord'. It can be 80%, it can be 90% but doesn't say it has to be completely unanimous.

2. Inference questions require something to be inferred.
- In E we can't infer that ' international opinion must be unanimous '. Even if it was written in argument, we can't infer the same thing.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 10 Jan 2022, 08:41
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Roy867
I chose (E) but realised 2 mistakes.

1. 'high degree accord' is not same as 'unanimous'
- The argument says a 'high degree of both international accord'. It can be 80%, it can be 90% but doesn't say it has to be completely unanimous.

2. Inference questions require something to be inferred.
- In E we can't infer that ' international opinion must be unanimous '. Even if it was written in argument, we can't infer the same thing.
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Roy867 Please also note that E is talking about what's necessary for a blockade to be successful, whereas the text only discusses what's necessary for an embargo to be successful.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 08 Aug 2022, 11:26
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^^ now according to option D -- all four attempts (A,B,C and D) are destined to fail (atleast per my understanding of option D)

However - i dont think its accurate to infer ALL 4 attempts will definitely fail.

Maybe during attempt # C in 2020 -- condition # 3 DID NOT lead to condition # 1 failing

Remember condition # 3 DOES NOT ALWAYS LEAD to condition # 1 failing.

So maybe Attempt # C in 2020 succeeded.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 08 Aug 2022, 15:45
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jabhatta2
^^ now according to option D -- all four attempts (A,B,C and D) are destined to fail (atleast per my understanding of option D)

However - i dont think its accurate to infer ALL 4 attempts will definitely fail.
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Please spot the difference and articulate the different meanings of these:
(D_Original) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.
(D_Variation) Any trade embargo against Patria must fail.
I suspect that you interpreted D_Original as D_Variation, jabhatta2.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de Updated on: 08 Aug 2022, 17:00
Originally posted by jabhatta2 on 08 Aug 2022, 16:51.
Last edited by jabhatta2 on 08 Aug 2022, 17:00, edited 7 times in total.
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avigutman
jabhatta2
^^ now according to option D -- all four attempts (A,B,C and D) are destined to fail (atleast per my understanding of option D)

However - i dont think its accurate to infer ALL 4 attempts will definitely fail.
Please spot the difference and articulate the different meanings of these:
(D_Original) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.
(D_Variation) Any trade embargo against Patria must fail.
I suspect that you interpreted D_Original as D_Variation, jabhatta2.
Show more

Here is response

Lets say there were a grand total of 4 attempts (attempt a | attempt b | attempt c | attempt d ) for a patria embargo

(D original)
Quote:

Regarding the 4 attempts
i) In all four attempts, there is a possibility of failure in any attempt
ii) Does that mean, at least one attempt failed ? no.
---> in fact, maybe all 4 attempts were successful
---> maybe all 4 attempts failed.

Bottom line -- in all 4 attempts; there is possibility of failure in every case.

However we dont know the actual result of attempt # 1 , attempt # 2, attempt # 3 and/or attempt # 4

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(D variation)
Quote:
between attempt a | attempt b | attempt c | attempt d --> all 4 occasions -- the embargo will fail, all 4 times.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 08 Aug 2022, 16:52
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When i wrote the original question - i think below my difficulty in expounding on the difference between these two

Quote:

(D_Original) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.
(D_Variat 2) Every trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 08 Aug 2022, 16:59
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jabhatta2
When i wrote the original question - i think below my difficulty in expounding on the difference between these two

Quote:

(D_Original) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.
(D_Variat 2) Every trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.
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D_Variat 2 is a correct rephrase of D_Original, jabhatta2.
Please let me know if you're still struggling to see how (D) is supported by the information provided.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 08 Aug 2022, 17:17
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jabhatta2
avigutman
jabhatta2
^^ now according to option D -- all four attempts (A,B,C and D) are destined to fail (atleast per my understanding of option D)

However - i dont think its accurate to infer ALL 4 attempts will definitely fail.
Please spot the difference and articulate the different meanings of these:
(D_Original) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.
(D_Variation) Any trade embargo against Patria must fail.
I suspect that you interpreted D_Original as D_Variation, jabhatta2.

Here is response

Lets say there were a grand total of 4 attempts (attempt a | attempt b | attempt c | attempt d ) for a patria embargo

(D original)
Quote:

Regarding the 4 attempts
i) In all four attempts, there is a possibility of failure in any attempt
ii) Does that mean, at least one attempt failed ? no.
---> in fact, maybe all 4 attempts were successful
---> maybe all 4 attempts failed.

Bottom line -- in all 4 attempts; there is possibility of failure in every case.

However we dont know the actual result of attempt # 1 , attempt # 2, attempt # 3 and/or attempt # 4



(D variation)
Quote:
between attempt a | attempt b | attempt c | attempt d --> all 4 occasions -- the embargo will fail, all 4 times.
Show more

jabhatta2 "likely" is stronger than "there is a possibility" but not as strong as "must".
So D_Original makes the claim that every attempt of an embargo will probably fail.
By contrast, D_Variation makes the claim that every attempt of an embargo will definitely fail.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 09 Sep 2022, 22:55
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avigutman KarishmaB not clear on why not E? is there a difference between unanimous and accord and what is that? how is E against the passage (OG)? Is it wrong because of difference between unanimous and accord? as per me unanimous is a neutral word meaning collective vs accord is positive - harmony -- pls confirm this too and its impact
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 10 Sep 2022, 05:12
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Elite097
avigutman KarishmaB not clear on why not E? is there a difference between unanimous and accord and what is that? how is E against the passage (OG)? Is it wrong because of difference between unanimous and accord? as per me unanimous is a neutral word meaning collective vs accord is positive - harmony -- pls confirm this too and its impact
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First, take a close look at the question stem, Elite097:
Quote:
The claims above, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?
Show more
With a question like that, we're looking for an answer that all the claims, when synthesized together, lead to. The overarching subject of the claims above is an embargo, not a blockade.
On top of that, (E) is just describing a necessary condition for a blockade of Patria's ports to be successful, and none of the claims above touches on what makes for a successful blockade! One of the claims above describes a necessary condition for an embargo against Patria, but we can't conclude from that ANYTHING about what's necessary for a successful blockade of Patria's ports.
So, if we're looking at the definitions of international accord vs. unanimous international opinion, we've already lost.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 25 Mar 2026, 06:30
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hi KarishmaB,
I picked C for this question because of " A total blockade of Patria's ports is necessary to an embargo " can i take, because of the word necessary, option C is wrong? Necessary doesn't mean sufficient - is that a right assumption?

Regards,
Swetha
WinWinMBA
For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high degree of both international accord and ability to prevent goods from entering or leaving that country must be sustained. A total blockade of Patria's ports is necessary to an embargo, but such an action would be likely to cause international discord over the embargo.

The claims above, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?


(A) The balance of opinion is likely to favor Patria in the event of a blockade.

(B) As long as international opinion is unanimously against Patria, a trade embargo is likely to succeed.

(C) A naval blockade of Patria's ports would ensure that no goods enter or leave Patria.

(D) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.

(E) For a blockade of Patria's ports to be successful, international opinion must be unanimous.
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For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high de 26 Mar 2026, 03:28
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Yes, when A is necessary for B, it is just necessary. It may not be sufficient.
A happening does not imply that B will happen. B still may or may not happen.

SwethaReddyL
hi KarishmaB,
I picked C for this question because of " A total blockade of Patria's ports is necessary to an embargo " can i take, because of the word necessary, option C is wrong? Necessary doesn't mean sufficient - is that a right assumption?

Regards,
Swetha

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