Freud is considered an early expert on the subject of grief. In his

Question

Freud is considered an early expert on the subject of grief. In his writings, one of the primary tasks faced by the bereaved individual was reclaiming the energy that had been invested in the loved one. Later theorists added to our understanding of grief by reflecting on the role of socialization and the relationship with the deceased in the experience of grief. Bowlby identified four phases through which the grieving person passes: numbing, yearning and searching, disorganization and despair, and reorganization. Still others have suggested that responses to grief are predictable, regardless of the individual’s personality characteristics and personal coping skills. A recent theory also suggests that grief is not only psychological but also biological, and represents the individual’s movement toward reintegration and balance. 
 
One concern frequently expressed by critics of the stage models of grief is general misunderstanding about how the stages are experienced. The average person and even many mental health practitioners tend to see the stages of grief as linear and as descriptions of how grief should be experienced. This can make grieving individuals feel as if they must ‘progress’ through the stages in a timely manner and that something is wrong if they do not do so. The authors of the various stage models did not make this assumption, however. Instead, they acknowledged that the way grief is expressed, the timing and sequence of stages, the duration for which grief lasts, and the coping responses used were varied. Another criticism is that these models assume that the outcome of the grief process will be a return to a more ‘normal’ psychological state. Some experts, on the contrary, suggest that a person does not ever return to the state of mind prior to the loss, and long-term grief may be normal for some people. This aspect needs further examination of theories before the merit of this criticism can be objectively judged.
 
  Source: Hidden Victims: The Effects of the Death Penalty on Families of the Accused – Susan F. Sharp    
 1 
 A 
 1. What is the author’s attitude on the theories suggesting stage models of grief?

A. The author considers these theories plausible.
B. The author finds the stages to be predictable.
C. The author questions the chronological nature of the theories.
D. The author is convinced that a final state of normalcy exists.
E. The author finds similarity among the various stage models.

2 
 B 
 2. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?

A. The latest theories of grief find their base in the work of Freud.
B. The critics of stage models have incorrectly made certain assumptions about the stage model theories.
C. The ‘coming to normalcy’ idea of stage model theories is incorrectly interpreted by the critics of these theories.
D. The stages of grief are linear and time-bound.
E. Socialization can help in refocusing energy invested in the relationship with the deceased.

3 
 A 
 3. Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the theories suggesting stage models of grief?

A. The author considers these theories plausible. 
B. The author finds the stages to be predictable. 
C. The author questions the chronological nature of recovery. 
D. The author is convinced that a final state of normalcy exists. 
E. The author finds differences among the various stage models.

4 
 E 
 4. Which of the following best describes the function of the second paragraph (see the highlighted text)? 
 
A. To extend a critique of the work by various grief theorists 
B. To extend support to the criticism of stage models of grief 
C. To dismiss the criticism of stage models of grief as unfounded 
D. To conclude that the stage models of grief are not reliable in their current state
E. To analyze different criticisms of stage models of grief

thalcantero · Answer

Could somebody elaborate on which part of the lecture suggests the author's attitude on the theories? I just don't get it.

AlexGmat2017 · Answer

may be that "This aspect needs further examination of theories before the merit of this criticism can be objectively judged."?

dvishal387 · Answer

What is the author’s attitude on the theories suggesting stage models of grief?

A. The author considers these theories plausible- Nowhere the author disagrees with the theories discussed. So, this is the correct choice.
B. The author finds the stages to be predictable- The passage does not give any such indications.
C. The author questions the chronological nature of the theories- The author mentions the chronological nature of
 the theories but does not question it.
D. The author is convinced that a final state of normalcy exists.-The author discusses state of normalcy withe reference to certain theories but
does not show his conviction for any theory.
E. The author finds similarity among the various stage models-The passage does not give any such indications

Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?

A. The latest theories of grief find their base in the work of Freud.- The first line of suggests a general belief but this author would agree
 to it cannot be concluded. 
B. The critics of stage models have incorrectly made certain assumptions about the stage model theories.- In the second para it is mentioned -"Another 
criticism is that these models assume that the outcome of the grief process will be a return to a more ‘normal’ psychological state..." which shows
that the author would agree that The critics of stage models have incorrectly made certain assumptions about the stage model theories.
C. The ‘coming to normalcy’ idea of stage model theories is incorrectly interpreted by the critics of these theories.- This comes close but
when the author says -"Some experts, on the contrary, suggest that a person does not ever return to the state of mind prior to the loss, 
and long-term grief may be normal for some people." makes us believe that the author will not agree with the point in option C.
D. The stages of grief are linear and time-bound.- It cannot be inferred that the author would agree to it.
E. Socialization can help in refocusing energy invested in the relationship with the deceased.- This can be concluded from 1st para but
it cannot be inferred that the author would agree to it.

Cinematiccuisine · Answer

Hello dvishal387 , AlexGmat2017 , thalcantero , broall , workout Can you please further elaborate on Q1 - Option : C. The author questions the chronological nature of the theories. I selected C as the answer as it was more closely associated with below snippet from para 2: The average person and even many mental health practitioners tend to see the stages of grief as linear and as descriptions of how grief should be experienced. This can make grieving individuals feel as if they must ‘progress’ through the stages in a timely manner and that something is wrong if they do not do so. The authors of the various stage models did not make this assumption, however. Instead, they acknowledged that the way grief is expressed, the timing and sequence of stages, the duration for which grief lasts, and the coping responses used were varied. The author uses these words such as: 1) as if they must ‘progress’ 2) however. Instead, My interpretation: when we read these two points OR associated words, I feel we typically sense that author is not aligned. That is how many institutes such as Manhattan / Kaplan teach. they suggest looking out for words and interpret "a change in tone". So I felt that author is definitely questioning the assertion. I feel option D is more accurate. Option A says author felt these theories "plausible" . If para is using words such as however OR instead to indicate a differing opinion then we can't say that author thinks theories are plausible. I hope, I am able to explain my dilemma. Thanks for your time. --- Such interesting counter opinions deserve kudos

Pls hit kudos.

US09 · Answer

Hey, just sharing my view on this question. I hope my reasoning helps.

Option C says the author QUESTIONS the chronological nature of the theory. Instead of getting caught in the word play, please focus on the bigger story. The author simply states that the critics of the stages theory have misunderstood that the stages are supposed to come in certain way whereas the authors of the story made no such assumption and for the author of these theories, the stages can have great degree of variations. So the author  of this passage  simply states that critics have misunderstood something of these stages theories. He himself does not question it.

I hope it makes sense.

Cinematiccuisine · Answer

Thank you  urvashis09 . i will try attempting this question again after a month and see if your method can be applied. I usually forget most of the RC questions or logic so it's good to practice same q's again. Thanks again.

ShankSouljaBoi · Answer

Hi 
 dvishal387

In your explanation to Q2 B

B. The critics of stage models have incorrectly made certain assumptions about the stage model theories.- In the second para it is mentioned -"Another 
criticism is that these models assume that the outcome of the grief process will be a return to a more ‘normal’ psychological state..." which shows
that the author would agree that The critics of stage models have incorrectly made certain assumptions about the stage model theories.

The author in the last sentence disragrds the criticism and therefore this may not be the right reaon. Please elucidate

Regards

deep31993 · Answer

+1 Kudos to one who posts all the official explanations

sssanskaar · Answer

2. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?

A. The latest theories of grief find their base in the work of Freud.
B. The critics of stage models have incorrectly made certain assumptions about the stage model theories.
C. The ‘coming to normalcy’ idea of stage model theories is incorrectly interpreted by the critics of these theories.
D. The stages of grief are linear and time-bound.
E. Socialization can help in refocusing energy invested in the relationship with the deceased.

Can someone explain Question 2, please? 
 
By reading these lines, what I understood was -  Critics   express the concern  that there is a lot of general misunderstanding about the stages of grief.

Then how is option B - - the correct answer?

GMATNinja   egmat   VeritasKarishma  kindly help. This question was in Experts' Global free mock and I marked option A as the correct answer because of the above said reasons.

Westminster · Answer

can anyone answer it

The average person and even many mental health practitioners tend to see the stages of grief as linear and as descriptions of how grief should be experienced. This can make grieving individuals feel as if they must ‘progress’ through the stages in a timely manner and that something is wrong if they do not do so. "'The authors of the various stage models did not make this assumption"", however. Instead, they acknowledged that the way grief is expressed, the timing and sequence of stages, the duration for which grief lasts, and the coping responses used were varied.

from this can we infer that the author disagree with the notion "the stages of grief are linear and time bound"

bM22 · Answer

Hi  sssanskaar ,  Westminster ,

Let me know if this helps.

2. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?

A. The latest theories of grief find their base in the work of Freud.
 B. The critics of stage models have incorrectly made certain assumptions about the stage model theories.
 C. The ‘coming to normalcy’ idea of stage model theories is incorrectly interpreted by the critics of these theories.
D. The stages of grief are linear and time-bound.
E. Socialization can help in refocusing energy invested in the relationship with the deceased.

Explanation: There are 2 incorrect assumptions made by the critics here:

1.  The stages of grief is linear and there is fixed order in which the grief is experienced. 
Consider the lines: 
"One concern frequently  expressed by critics  of the stage models of grief is  general misunderstanding about how  the stages are experienced. The average person and even many mental health practitioners tend to see the stages of grief as linear and as descriptions of how grief should be experienced. This can make grieving individuals feel as if they must ‘progress’ through the stages in a timely manner and that something is wrong if they do not do so.  The authors of the various stage models did not make this assumption, however."

The lines mean that the critics along with an average person and many health practitioners see the stage models of grief as linear and believe that there is an pre-defined order(explained before these lines) in which a person progress through the stages of grief. 
Now the passage mentions that the authors : the people who actually formed this stages of grief theory, do make this assumption. Instead, according to them the way grief is expressed, the timing and sequence of stages, the duration for which grief lasts, and the coping responses used are varied.

2.  Another criticism is that these models assume that the outcome of the grief process will be a return to a more ‘normal’ psychological state.This aspect needs further examination of theories before the merit of this criticism can be objectively judged. 
This is again countered by the experts person does not ever return to the state of mind prior to the loss, and long-term grief may be normal for some people.

In this end author disregards the criticisms by saying that the theories need to be further examined.

Based on above inferences, we can say that B is the only correct answer.
A is incorrect, as we cannot infer if author would agree with it or not.
D is incorrect, as per assumption 1, we now know that the assumption is wrong.

sssanskaar · Answer

Aaahhh bm2201 , Thanks for the explanation. Due to the language of the sentence framed, I understood that the Critics are expressing the concerns, and hence, I thought of option B as the exact opposite. One concern frequently expressed by critics of the stage models of grief is general misunderstanding about how the stages.. concern is being expressed by critics that . I understand what you are trying to say but I am still not 100% convinced about the language of this sentence.

bM22 · Answer

Hi  sssanskaar ,

The sentence actually is:
 
So this sentence is not saying : one concern frequently expressed by critics of the stage models of grief is  that ......
The sentence is actually from the author's point of view, where he says that "the concern frequently expressed by critics of the stage models of grief is general misunderstanding........", meaning: the concern that critics are expressing is a misunderstood one.

Hope Its Clear Now. 
Thanks.

sssanskaar · Answer

Oh i get it now! Had there been a "that", it would have meant completely different than what the sentence means now. Holy sh!t, I got this easy question incorrect just because of this "that" as it altered the complete meaning for me. Btw, thanks for explaining this doubt in detail!

MohdSaqib123 · Answer

The explanation for Q.2-->

"The authors of the various stage models  , however. Instead, they acknowledged that the way grief is expressed, the timing and sequence of stages, the duration for which grief lasts, and the coping responses used were varied".

Critics' argument is based on the assumption that the stage models were proposed to be time-bound.. but it was not true as per the above lines. So the assumption was wrong. Clearly 'B'

gloomybison · Answer

Hi  bm2201

ı am not really convinced about this to be honest,

When ı read this sentence "One concern frequently expressed by critics of the stage models of grief is general misunderstanding about how the stages are experienced." ı understand that critics are expressing a concern and this very concern is the general misunderstanding about the experience of these stages
Where am ı wrong?

Thanks

mayankkkk · Answer

Sajjad1994  will you please share the official explanation of question 1 & 2 as it is very confusing

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Official explanation is not available, please read the discussion posted above.

jain67 · Answer

Hi experts
 DmitryFarber   KarishmaB   MartyTargetTestPrep 
1. Please help with Q1- Although I have got it correct by elimination method I am not convinced with explanation.
2. Please help with Q2 as well- How to eliminate option C?

Thanks

Freud is considered an early expert on the subject of grief. In his

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Freud is considered an early expert on the subject of grief. In his

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