Bob has 56 stamps, sorted into albums. Is there
at least one album with
two or more stamps of the same color?
(1) Each stamp is exactly one of six colors. → The 56 stamps are colored from 6 colors.
Can Bob arrange them into albums so that no album has two of the
same color?
If he places ≤ 6 stamps in any album, each of different color, he can avoid repeats.
But there’s no constraint given on how many albums he uses.
So with just (1), we don't know if he used many albums (e.g. 56 albums with 1 stamp each, guaranteeing no repeated color in any album) or few albums with >6 stamps.
✅ (1) alone is
insufficient.
[hr]
(2) Bob places the stamps into 9 albums. → 56 stamps in 9 albums.
What’s the worst-case distribution? Even if he spreads them as evenly as possible:
569≈6.22\frac{56}{9} \approx 6.22956≈6.22
He
must have at least one album with
at least 7 stamps (by the pigeonhole principle).
If an album has ≥ 7 stamps but only 6 possible colors, at least
two stamps must be the same color in that album.
✅ (2) alone is
sufficient.
Bunuel
Bob is organizing his stamp collection by placing all 56 of his stamps into several albums. Is there at least one album that contains two or more stamps of the same color?
(1) Each stamp in the collection is exactly one of the following six colors: red, blue, green, yellow, orange, or violet.
(2) Bob places the stamps into 9 albums, with each stamp placed in exactly one album.