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26 Apr 2020, 09:00
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Question 1
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
Question Stats:
38% (02:55) correct
62%
(02:47) wrong
based on 496
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
65% (00:49) correct 35%
(00:54) wrong
based on 478
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
45% (01:06) correct 55%
(01:03) wrong
based on 468
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
35% (00:55) correct 65%
(00:51) wrong
based on 452
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Project RC Butler 2020 - Participate and win GMAT Club Tests.
Passage # 51, Date: 26-Apr-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
Passage # 51, Date: 26-Apr-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
In 1996, the State of Arizona introduced a statute
that divests the juvenile court of jurisdiction over juvenile
offenders fifteen years of age or older who are accused
of first and second degree murder, forcible sexual
(5) assault, armed robbery or other violent felony offenses.
Opponents have rightfully argued that by assigning
automatic criminal responsibility to juveniles based
solely on their age and the type of offense with which
they are charged, many of the extenuating circumstances
(10) that would have previously been considered by a
juvenile court judge are now largely irrelevant. In fact,
if prosecution finds sufficient grounds for charging a
juvenile offender with, say, armed robbery, juvenile
court review will be entirely bypassed and the offender
(15) will automatically be tried in criminal court as an
adult. The choice of court, therefore, rests entirely in
the discretion of the prosecution. Regrettably, courts
have been reluctant to question the constitutionality of
such discretion, and little hope remains that they would
(20) subject it to judicial review any time soon.
that divests the juvenile court of jurisdiction over juvenile
offenders fifteen years of age or older who are accused
of first and second degree murder, forcible sexual
(5) assault, armed robbery or other violent felony offenses.
Opponents have rightfully argued that by assigning
automatic criminal responsibility to juveniles based
solely on their age and the type of offense with which
they are charged, many of the extenuating circumstances
(10) that would have previously been considered by a
juvenile court judge are now largely irrelevant. In fact,
if prosecution finds sufficient grounds for charging a
juvenile offender with, say, armed robbery, juvenile
court review will be entirely bypassed and the offender
(15) will automatically be tried in criminal court as an
adult. The choice of court, therefore, rests entirely in
the discretion of the prosecution. Regrettably, courts
have been reluctant to question the constitutionality of
such discretion, and little hope remains that they would
(20) subject it to judicial review any time soon.
1. The author mentions armed robbery (line 13) primarily in order to
(A) provide an example of a type of offense with which offenders are rarely charged in juvenile court
(B) show how the prosecution can automatically decide a jurisdictional issue involving some juvenile offenders
(C) illustrate a type of offense that the new statute will make more difficult to prosecute
(D) explain why extenuating circumstances must be considered when assigning criminal responsibility to juvenile offenders
(E) emphasize the severity of the offenses that are typically considered only in cases tried in criminal court
2. Which one of the following words employed by the author is most indicative of the author’s attitude toward the ability of prosecutors to bypass juvenile court review following the passage of the new statute?
(A) rightfully
(B) hope
(C) regrettably
(D) reluctant
(E) divests
3. The passage suggests which one of the following about a sixteen-year old offender charged with armed robbery in the state of Arizona prior to 1996?
(A) The offender could be prosecuted either in juvenile or in criminal court.
(B) The prosecution did not have sufficient grounds to charge the offender with a more serious crime.
(C) The court would consider all extenuating circumstances relevant to his case.
(D) The prosecution could decide to bypass juvenile court review and try the offender in criminal court.
(E) The choice of courts did not rest entirely in the discretion of the prosecution.
4. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to
(A) defend a proposed statutory change against criticism
(B) explain the unforeseen consequences of a legal reform
(C) support a critical evaluation of a statute
(D) criticize the constitutionality of judicial discretion
(E) articulate opposing arguments and propose a reconciliation
(A) provide an example of a type of offense with which offenders are rarely charged in juvenile court
(B) show how the prosecution can automatically decide a jurisdictional issue involving some juvenile offenders
(C) illustrate a type of offense that the new statute will make more difficult to prosecute
(D) explain why extenuating circumstances must be considered when assigning criminal responsibility to juvenile offenders
(E) emphasize the severity of the offenses that are typically considered only in cases tried in criminal court
2. Which one of the following words employed by the author is most indicative of the author’s attitude toward the ability of prosecutors to bypass juvenile court review following the passage of the new statute?
(A) rightfully
(B) hope
(C) regrettably
(D) reluctant
(E) divests
3. The passage suggests which one of the following about a sixteen-year old offender charged with armed robbery in the state of Arizona prior to 1996?
(A) The offender could be prosecuted either in juvenile or in criminal court.
(B) The prosecution did not have sufficient grounds to charge the offender with a more serious crime.
(C) The court would consider all extenuating circumstances relevant to his case.
(D) The prosecution could decide to bypass juvenile court review and try the offender in criminal court.
(E) The choice of courts did not rest entirely in the discretion of the prosecution.
4. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to
(A) defend a proposed statutory change against criticism
(B) explain the unforeseen consequences of a legal reform
(C) support a critical evaluation of a statute
(D) criticize the constitutionality of judicial discretion
(E) articulate opposing arguments and propose a reconciliation
bM22
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26 Apr 2020, 12:08
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1. The author mentions armed robbery (line 13) primarily in order to
(A) provide an example of a type of offense with which offenders are rarely charged in juvenile court
(B) show how the prosecution can automatically decide a jurisdictional issue involving some juvenile offenders
(C) illustrate a type of offense that the new statute will make more difficult to prosecute
(D) explain why extenuating circumstances must be considered when assigning criminal responsibility to juvenile offenders
(E) emphasize the severity of the offenses that are typically considered only in cases tried in criminal court
Correct Answer - B
Explanation - as mentioned in the passsage: "In fact, if prosecution finds sufficient grounds for charging a juvenile offender with, say, armed robbery, juvenile court review will be entirely bypassed and the offender (15) will automatically be tried in criminal court as an adult."
implies that if the prosecution is has sufficient evidence that the juvenile has comitted the crime, the review of the juvenile court can be bypassed and the case can be directly taken up in criminal court.
Option A - incorrect, as not discussed in the passage.
Option C - incorrect, the new statute will actually make it more direct.
Option D - incorrect, not what's discussed in the passage.
Option E - incorrect, true but main reason why author mentions is as explained above.
2. Which one of the following words employed by the author is most indicative of the author’s attitude toward the ability of prosecutors to bypass juvenile court review following the passage of the new statute?
(A) rightfully
(B) hope
(C) regrettably
(D) reluctant
(E) divests
Correct Answer - C
Explanation - most probably C, as authors mentions in the passage: "Regrettably, courts have been reluctant to question the constitutionality of such discretion, and little hope remains that they would (20) subject it to judicial review any time soon."
Author is not in favor of the statute, but regrettably, nothing is being done by the courts to question it, let alone ask for changing it.
Options A, B, D, E - automatically incorrect, as they dont potray the exact attitude.
3. The passage suggests which one of the following about a sixteen-year old offender charged with armed robbery in the state of Arizona prior to 1996?
(A) The offender could be prosecuted either in juvenile or in criminal court.
(B) The prosecution did not have sufficient grounds to charge the offender with a more serious crime.
(C) The court would consider all extenuating circumstances relevant to his case.
(D) The prosecution could decide to bypass juvenile court review and try the offender in criminal court.
(E) The choice of courts did not rest entirely in the discretion of the prosecution.
Correct Answer - C
Explanation -as mentioned in the passage: "Opponents have rightfully argued that by assigning automatic criminal responsibility to juveniles based solely on their age and the type of offense with which they are charged, many of the extenuating circumstances (10) that would have previously been considered by a juvenile court judge are now largely irrelevant. "
Implying that if a sixteen-year old offender charged with armed robbery in the state of Arizona prior to 1996, the court would have tried to lessen the sentence or the offence.
Option A - incorrect, not mentioned in the passage.
Option B,D- incorrect, something that would have happened after 1996.
Option E - true, but not related to the asked question.
4. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to
(A) defend a proposed statutory change against criticism
(B) explain the unforeseen consequences of a legal reform
(C) support a critical evaluation of a statute
(D) criticize the constitutionality of judicial discretion
(E) articulate opposing arguments and propose a reconciliation
Correct Answer - D
Explanation - throughout the passage, author's tone is that of criticism, and that he is not supportive of the new change in the juvenile hearing, as in the ending lines he mentions :" Regrettably, courts have been reluctant to question the constitutionality of such discretion, and little hope remains that they would (20) subject it to judicial review any time soon."
Option A, C - exactly opposite of what's mentioned.
Option B - no unforeseen consequences have been mentioned in the passage, just a constitutional change has been mentioned in detail.
Option E - out of scope w.r.t the passage.
(A) provide an example of a type of offense with which offenders are rarely charged in juvenile court
(B) show how the prosecution can automatically decide a jurisdictional issue involving some juvenile offenders
(C) illustrate a type of offense that the new statute will make more difficult to prosecute
(D) explain why extenuating circumstances must be considered when assigning criminal responsibility to juvenile offenders
(E) emphasize the severity of the offenses that are typically considered only in cases tried in criminal court
Correct Answer - B
Explanation - as mentioned in the passsage: "In fact, if prosecution finds sufficient grounds for charging a juvenile offender with, say, armed robbery, juvenile court review will be entirely bypassed and the offender (15) will automatically be tried in criminal court as an adult."
implies that if the prosecution is has sufficient evidence that the juvenile has comitted the crime, the review of the juvenile court can be bypassed and the case can be directly taken up in criminal court.
Option A - incorrect, as not discussed in the passage.
Option C - incorrect, the new statute will actually make it more direct.
Option D - incorrect, not what's discussed in the passage.
Option E - incorrect, true but main reason why author mentions is as explained above.
2. Which one of the following words employed by the author is most indicative of the author’s attitude toward the ability of prosecutors to bypass juvenile court review following the passage of the new statute?
(A) rightfully
(B) hope
(C) regrettably
(D) reluctant
(E) divests
Correct Answer - C
Explanation - most probably C, as authors mentions in the passage: "Regrettably, courts have been reluctant to question the constitutionality of such discretion, and little hope remains that they would (20) subject it to judicial review any time soon."
Author is not in favor of the statute, but regrettably, nothing is being done by the courts to question it, let alone ask for changing it.
Options A, B, D, E - automatically incorrect, as they dont potray the exact attitude.
3. The passage suggests which one of the following about a sixteen-year old offender charged with armed robbery in the state of Arizona prior to 1996?
(A) The offender could be prosecuted either in juvenile or in criminal court.
(B) The prosecution did not have sufficient grounds to charge the offender with a more serious crime.
(C) The court would consider all extenuating circumstances relevant to his case.
(D) The prosecution could decide to bypass juvenile court review and try the offender in criminal court.
(E) The choice of courts did not rest entirely in the discretion of the prosecution.
Correct Answer - C
Explanation -as mentioned in the passage: "Opponents have rightfully argued that by assigning automatic criminal responsibility to juveniles based solely on their age and the type of offense with which they are charged, many of the extenuating circumstances (10) that would have previously been considered by a juvenile court judge are now largely irrelevant. "
Implying that if a sixteen-year old offender charged with armed robbery in the state of Arizona prior to 1996, the court would have tried to lessen the sentence or the offence.
Option A - incorrect, not mentioned in the passage.
Option B,D- incorrect, something that would have happened after 1996.
Option E - true, but not related to the asked question.
4. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to
(A) defend a proposed statutory change against criticism
(B) explain the unforeseen consequences of a legal reform
(C) support a critical evaluation of a statute
(D) criticize the constitutionality of judicial discretion
(E) articulate opposing arguments and propose a reconciliation
Correct Answer - D
Explanation - throughout the passage, author's tone is that of criticism, and that he is not supportive of the new change in the juvenile hearing, as in the ending lines he mentions :" Regrettably, courts have been reluctant to question the constitutionality of such discretion, and little hope remains that they would (20) subject it to judicial review any time soon."
Option A, C - exactly opposite of what's mentioned.
Option B - no unforeseen consequences have been mentioned in the passage, just a constitutional change has been mentioned in detail.
Option E - out of scope w.r.t the passage.
26 Apr 2020, 12:31
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1. The author mentions armed robbery (line 13) primarily in order to
(A) provide an example of a type of offense with which offenders are rarely charged in juvenile court
not correct: because of the new statute, prosecutors can bypass the juvenile courts, if sufficient evidence for the crime is found. To give an example of this situation, the author talks about armed robbery and concludes in line 16 that 'The choice of court, therefore, rests entirely in the discretion of the prosecution'. So we can say that this example of robbery is not about charging 'rarely' in juvenile court.
(B) show how the prosecution can automatically decide a jurisdictional issue involving some juvenile offenders
correct: in line 16, the author concludes after giving this 'armed robbery case' that 'The choice of court, therefore, rests entirely in the discretion of the prosecution'
(C) illustrate a type of offense that the new statute will make more difficult to prosecute
not correct: the new statute talks about giving prosecutors rights to try juvenile cases in criminal courts, but the statute is not about making offences more difficult to prosecute
(D) explain why extenuating circumstances must be considered when assigning criminal responsibility to juvenile offenders
not correct: opponents say that 'assigning automatic criminal responsibility to juveniles based solely on their age', has some negatives, as mentioned in the passage 'many of the extenuating circumstances .. are now largely irrelevant'. In line 13, the author gives the example of armed robbery to explain the important role a prosecutor plays after the new statute was in place.
(E) emphasize the severity of the offenses that are typically considered only in cases tried in criminal court
not correct: passage mentions no 'severity' of offences
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which one of the following words employed by the author is most indicative of the author’s attitude toward the ability of prosecutors to bypass juvenile court review following the passage of the new statute?
(A) rightfully
not correct: author talks about the word 'rightfully' while describing the arguments of opponents of the new statute
(B) hope
not correct: author talks about the word 'hope' while describing the courts that are not open to address constitutionality of prosecutors discretion
(C) regrettably
correct: with the new statute, prosecutors can bypass juvenile courts. The author says 'regrettably' that courts have been reluctant to question the constitutionality of this discretion that prosecutors now have
(D) reluctant
not correct: courts have been 'reluctant' to question. The author didn't respond with 'reluctant' to prosecutors discretion
(E) divests
not correct: new statute can divests the juvenile courts, but 'divests' is not connected to the prosecutors discretion
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The passage suggests which one of the following about a sixteen-year old offender charged with armed robbery in the state of Arizona prior to 1996?
(A) The offender could be prosecuted either in juvenile or in criminal court.
not correct: no criteria was given to try the offender prior to 1996
(B) The prosecution did not have sufficient grounds to charge the offender with a more serious crime.
not correct: no discussion of charging 'armed robbery' offender with a more serious crime
(C) The court would consider all extenuating circumstances relevant to his case.
not correct: no discussion of how the courts would have tried in such cases prior to 1996
(D) The prosecution could decide to bypass juvenile court review and try the offender in criminal court.
not correct: opposite, this is possible after 1996
(E) The choice of courts did not rest entirely in the discretion of the prosecution.
correct: with the new statute in 1996, prosecutors can try 'armed robbery' offender in criminal courts, and this was not the case prior to 1996
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to
passage analysis: with the new statute, prosecutors have the discretion to try juveniles in criminal courts. Opponents argued against this by saying extenuating circumstances would not be considered in criminal courts. However, courts have been reluctant to challenge prosecutors discretion. By observing words such as 'rightfully arguing', 'regrettably, and 'reluctant', we can say that the author is criticising the new statute
(A) defend a proposed statutory change against criticism
not correct: the author doesn't defend the statute
(B) explain the unforeseen consequences of a legal reform
not correct: no discussion of consequences
(C) support a critical evaluation of a statute
not correct: only negative effects of the statute are considered. Evaluation should look both sides - good and bad - of the statute
(D) criticize the constitutionality of judicial discretion
correct: introduced a new statute, which gave prosecutors the choice of courts to try. Finally, the author questions the constitutional basis for such discretion powers. So, we can say that the author is questioning/criticising the new statute
(E) articulate opposing arguments and propose a reconciliation
not correct: Opponents arguments are given, but no arguments from prosecutors are given
(A) provide an example of a type of offense with which offenders are rarely charged in juvenile court
not correct: because of the new statute, prosecutors can bypass the juvenile courts, if sufficient evidence for the crime is found. To give an example of this situation, the author talks about armed robbery and concludes in line 16 that 'The choice of court, therefore, rests entirely in the discretion of the prosecution'. So we can say that this example of robbery is not about charging 'rarely' in juvenile court.
(B) show how the prosecution can automatically decide a jurisdictional issue involving some juvenile offenders
correct: in line 16, the author concludes after giving this 'armed robbery case' that 'The choice of court, therefore, rests entirely in the discretion of the prosecution'
(C) illustrate a type of offense that the new statute will make more difficult to prosecute
not correct: the new statute talks about giving prosecutors rights to try juvenile cases in criminal courts, but the statute is not about making offences more difficult to prosecute
(D) explain why extenuating circumstances must be considered when assigning criminal responsibility to juvenile offenders
not correct: opponents say that 'assigning automatic criminal responsibility to juveniles based solely on their age', has some negatives, as mentioned in the passage 'many of the extenuating circumstances .. are now largely irrelevant'. In line 13, the author gives the example of armed robbery to explain the important role a prosecutor plays after the new statute was in place.
(E) emphasize the severity of the offenses that are typically considered only in cases tried in criminal court
not correct: passage mentions no 'severity' of offences
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which one of the following words employed by the author is most indicative of the author’s attitude toward the ability of prosecutors to bypass juvenile court review following the passage of the new statute?
(A) rightfully
not correct: author talks about the word 'rightfully' while describing the arguments of opponents of the new statute
(B) hope
not correct: author talks about the word 'hope' while describing the courts that are not open to address constitutionality of prosecutors discretion
(C) regrettably
correct: with the new statute, prosecutors can bypass juvenile courts. The author says 'regrettably' that courts have been reluctant to question the constitutionality of this discretion that prosecutors now have
(D) reluctant
not correct: courts have been 'reluctant' to question. The author didn't respond with 'reluctant' to prosecutors discretion
(E) divests
not correct: new statute can divests the juvenile courts, but 'divests' is not connected to the prosecutors discretion
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The passage suggests which one of the following about a sixteen-year old offender charged with armed robbery in the state of Arizona prior to 1996?
(A) The offender could be prosecuted either in juvenile or in criminal court.
not correct: no criteria was given to try the offender prior to 1996
(B) The prosecution did not have sufficient grounds to charge the offender with a more serious crime.
not correct: no discussion of charging 'armed robbery' offender with a more serious crime
(C) The court would consider all extenuating circumstances relevant to his case.
not correct: no discussion of how the courts would have tried in such cases prior to 1996
(D) The prosecution could decide to bypass juvenile court review and try the offender in criminal court.
not correct: opposite, this is possible after 1996
(E) The choice of courts did not rest entirely in the discretion of the prosecution.
correct: with the new statute in 1996, prosecutors can try 'armed robbery' offender in criminal courts, and this was not the case prior to 1996
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to
passage analysis: with the new statute, prosecutors have the discretion to try juveniles in criminal courts. Opponents argued against this by saying extenuating circumstances would not be considered in criminal courts. However, courts have been reluctant to challenge prosecutors discretion. By observing words such as 'rightfully arguing', 'regrettably, and 'reluctant', we can say that the author is criticising the new statute
(A) defend a proposed statutory change against criticism
not correct: the author doesn't defend the statute
(B) explain the unforeseen consequences of a legal reform
not correct: no discussion of consequences
(C) support a critical evaluation of a statute
not correct: only negative effects of the statute are considered. Evaluation should look both sides - good and bad - of the statute
(D) criticize the constitutionality of judicial discretion
correct: introduced a new statute, which gave prosecutors the choice of courts to try. Finally, the author questions the constitutional basis for such discretion powers. So, we can say that the author is questioning/criticising the new statute
(E) articulate opposing arguments and propose a reconciliation
not correct: Opponents arguments are given, but no arguments from prosecutors are given
