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Pankaj0901
I just want to understand the parallellism issue as pointed by others in option B. (I understand the intended logic that truck cannot spread.)

(B) up to 130 feet in height, and with a buttressed trunk and a crown spreading

The tree grows..
...up to 130 feet in height (adverbial modifier modifying "grows")
and
...with a buttressed trunk and....(adverbial modifier modifying "grows")

I am surely missing something. I request experts to please point out. Thanks in advance!

Hello Pankaj0901,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, "with a buttressed trunk and with a crown that spreads..." is not an adverbial phrase; it is an adjective phrase meant to apply to "the Honduran mahogany".

The intended meaning is that the Honduran mahogany to a height of 130 feet and has a buttressed trunk and crown that spreads over the canopy of lesser trees.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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ExpertsGlobal5 - Sorry, I couldn't understand if your response made any sense to me. I have two queries now.

Query 1
ExpertsGlobal5

To answer your query, "with a buttressed trunk and with a crown that spreads..." is not an adverbial phrase; it is an adjective phrase meant to apply to "the Honduran mahogany".
Referring to the explanation by daagh here, I am not convinced with your point that "with a buttressed trunk and with a crown that spreads.." is an adjective phrase modifying the noun "the Honduran mahogany" and not an adverbial phrase modifying "grows".
daagh

Clarification 3.

The first point is that the ‘with’ modifier with a comma before it is an adverbial modifier and hence would not refer to the noun before. It modifies the subject of the previous clause mahogany and its growing to 130feet. So even, if you put an eligible noun such as a mango tree before the ‘with’, it will not modify the mango tree, since an adverbial modifier is not a noun modifier but a verb modifier. Please note that the moment there is a comma before the modifier, be it either ‘with’ or a verb+ing modifier such as 'having', it will not modify the noun before. However, if you don’t have the comma before, then it will modify the noun lying before. In your revised statement, if you remove the comma before the ‘with’ then it will modify the mango tree forthwith. The difference is the comma.
Query 2
Moreover, my query was related to the choice B, in which I wanted to understand what is the parallelism issue there, as I feel that the phrases are completely parallel as I have mentioned in my earlier post. Can you please point out what is wrong in my parallel list?

Thank you
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Pankaj0901
ExpertsGlobal5 - Sorry, I couldn't understand if your response made any sense to me. I have two queries now.

Query 1
ExpertsGlobal5

To answer your query, "with a buttressed trunk and with a crown that spreads..." is not an adverbial phrase; it is an adjective phrase meant to apply to "the Honduran mahogany".
Referring to the explanation by daagh here, I am not convinced with your point that "with a buttressed trunk and with a crown that spreads.." is an adjective phrase modifying the noun "the Honduran mahogany" and not an adverbial phrase modifying "grows".
daagh

Clarification 3.

The first point is that the ‘with’ modifier with a comma before it is an adverbial modifier and hence would not refer to the noun before. It modifies the subject of the previous clause mahogany and its growing to 130feet. So even, if you put an eligible noun such as a mango tree before the ‘with’, it will not modify the mango tree, since an adverbial modifier is not a noun modifier but a verb modifier. Please note that the moment there is a comma before the modifier, be it either ‘with’ or a verb+ing modifier such as 'having', it will not modify the noun before. However, if you don’t have the comma before, then it will modify the noun lying before. In your revised statement, if you remove the comma before the ‘with’ then it will modify the mango tree forthwith. The difference is the comma.
Query 2
Moreover, my query was related to the choice B, in which I wanted to understand what is the parallelism issue there, as I feel that the phrases are completely parallel as I have mentioned in my earlier post. Can you please point out what is wrong in my parallel list?

Thank you

Hello Pankaj0901,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, Option B fails to maintain parallelism between the clause "the Honduran mahogany grows up to 130 feet in height" and the phrase "with a buttressed trunk and a crown spreading over the canopy of lesser trees"; remember, two elements linked by conjunction ("and" in this sentence) must be parallel.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Thank you ExpertsGlobal5. I got your point, but can you please also point out what exactly is wrong in my interpretation?

(B) up to 130 feet in height, and with a buttressed trunk and a crown spreading

The tree grows..
...up to 130 feet in height (adverbial modifier modifying "grows") - Parallel entity 1
and
...with a buttressed trunk and....(adverbial modifier modifying "grows") - Parallel entiry 2

This implies
The tree grows up to 130 feet in height and the tree grows with a buttressed trunk and...
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Hello experts,
I get why D is right, its the crown that spreads and 'with' correctly fits here.
but the meaning changes from A to D,

In A, up to a height of 130 feet, means some trees could be smaller than 130 feet.
In D, to a height of 130 feet, means all are 130 feet.

How do we know which meaning author intends to say?
It made me waste 30-40 seconds until I chose D.
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Pankaj0901
Thank you ExpertsGlobal5. I got your point, but can you please also point out what exactly is wrong in my interpretation?

(B) up to 130 feet in height, and with a buttressed trunk and a crown spreading

The tree grows..
...up to 130 feet in height (adverbial modifier modifying "grows") - Parallel entity 1
and
...with a buttressed trunk and....(adverbial modifier modifying "grows") - Parallel entiry 2

This implies
The tree grows up to 130 feet in height and the tree grows with a buttressed trunk and...
Sorry that we're late to the party, Pankaj0901! Adding my two cents in case it helps at all.

You're right to say that the parallelism in (B) isn't necessarily WRONG, so we can't use that as a reason to eliminate (B) right away. Instead, we have to compare (B) and (D) to see which option is a bit better.

The comma + conjunction (", and") in (B) makes the reader think that a new clause is coming:

  • Everything before the comma looks like its own, self-contained, complete thought.
  • Everything after the comma seems like it's going to be an entirely new and different thought (as in, "..., and with a buttressed trunk, the tree can withstand the winds of a hurricane.")
  • Of course we don't get another complete thought, so we're stuck with the parallel structure that you described.

And that parallel structure isn't terrible. After all, we have two prepositional phrases that could modify the verb. But there's something a little fishy about it, probably because the two items in the list answer very different questions about the tree:

  • "How does the tree grow? The tree grows with a buttressed trunk." - Seems okay.
  • "How does the tree grow? The tree grows up to 130 feet in height." - Eh, I guess this technically tells us something about how the tree grows, but it's really telling us how HIGH the tree grows, not how it grows. Again, not a concrete error, but it doesn't seem quite right.

The parallelism in (B) is, at best, hard to follow and not entirely logical. (D) avoids that confusing parallel structure altogether, giving us a vote against (B).

Another big difference is "spreading" vs "that spreads":

  • Is "spreading" in (B) meant to modify both a buttressed trunk and a crown? Or is it meant to modify just "crown"? The latter makes more sense, but it's up to the reader to make that call.
  • Choice (D) uses a noun modifier instead ("that spreads"). Since "spreads" is a singular verb, we know that this can ONLY modify the singular "crown" and not the trunk and the crown. So, (D) makes the meaning clearer and easier to follow.

Lastly, "to grow up" could mean something totally unrelated to height. For example: "Tim hopes that his state legislators will all grow up." Here, "grow up" means to mature, or to become more of an adult. Again, this is not a definitive error, but this gives us a third and final vote against (B).

So while (B) may not have any obvious, black-and-white errors, it doesn't have any advantages over (D).

I hope that helps!
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Wow, what an explanation. Nailed it!! GMATNinja :please:
Thank you so much!

GMATNinja
Pankaj0901
Thank you ExpertsGlobal5. I got your point, but can you please also point out what exactly is wrong in my interpretation?

(B) up to 130 feet in height, and with a buttressed trunk and a crown spreading

The tree grows..
...up to 130 feet in height (adverbial modifier modifying "grows") - Parallel entity 1
and
...with a buttressed trunk and....(adverbial modifier modifying "grows") - Parallel entiry 2

This implies
The tree grows up to 130 feet in height and the tree grows with a buttressed trunk and...
Sorry that we're late to the party, Pankaj0901! Adding my two cents in case it helps at all.

You're right to say that the parallelism in (B) isn't necessarily WRONG, so we can't use that as a reason to eliminate (B) right away. Instead, we have to compare (B) and (D) to see which option is a bit better.

The comma + conjunction (", and") in (B) makes the reader think that a new clause is coming:

  • Everything before the comma looks like its own, self-contained, complete thought.
  • Everything after the comma seems like it's going to be an entirely new and different thought (as in, "..., and with a buttressed trunk, the tree can withstand the winds of a hurricane.")
  • Of course we don't get another complete thought, so we're stuck with the parallel structure that you described.

And that parallel structure isn't terrible. After all, we have two prepositional phrases that could modify the verb. But there's something a little fishy about it, probably because the two items in the list answer very different questions about the tree:

  • "How does the tree grow? The tree grows with a buttressed trunk." - Seems okay.
  • "How does the tree grow? The tree grows up to 130 feet in height." - Eh, I guess this technically tells us something about how the tree grows, but it's really telling us how HIGH the tree grows, not how it grows. Again, not a concrete error, but it doesn't seem quite right.

The parallelism in (B) is, at best, hard to follow and not entirely logical. (D) avoids that confusing parallel structure altogether, giving us a vote against (B).

Another big difference is "spreading" vs "that spreads":

  • Is "spreading" in (B) meant to modify both a buttressed trunk and a crown? Or is it meant to modify just "crown"? The latter makes more sense, but it's up to the reader to make that call.
  • Choice (D) uses a noun modifier instead ("that spreads"). Since "spreads" is a singular verb, we know that this can ONLY modify the singular "crown" and not the trunk and the crown. So, (D) makes the meaning clearer and easier to follow.

Lastly, "to grow up" could mean something totally unrelated to height. For example: "Tim hopes that his state legislators will all grow up." Here, "grow up" means to mature, or to become more of an adult. Again, this is not a definitive error, but this gives us a third and final vote against (B).

So while (B) may not have any obvious, black-and-white errors, it doesn't have any advantages over (D).

I hope that helps!
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Dinesh654
Hello experts,
I get why D is right, its the crown that spreads and 'with' correctly fits here.
but the meaning changes from A to D,

In A, up to a height of 130 feet, means some trees could be smaller than 130 feet.
In D, to a height of 130 feet, means all are 130 feet.

How do we know which meaning author intends to say?
It made me waste 30-40 seconds until I chose D.
Important reminder: there's nothing special about the meaning in choice (A), and we certainly aren't stuck with the meaning in (A). For more on that, check out our public service announcement here: https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-olympic- ... l#p2414823.

The biggest issue with (A) is that it indicates that the trunk spreads, and that doesn't make any sense, as explained in this post: https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-undisturb ... l#p2126763.

I hope that helps a bit!
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