winterschool
Q2. The higher the average fat intake among the residents of a country, the higher the incidence of cancer in that country; the lower the average fat intake, the lower the incidence of cancer. So individuals who want to reduce their risk of cancer should reduce their fat intake. Which one of the following, if true, most weaken the argument? (A) The differences in average fat intake between countries are often due to the varying makeup of traditional diets. (B) The countries with a high average fat intake tend to be among the wealthiest in the world. (C) Cancer is a prominent cause of death in countries with a low average fat intake. (D) The countries with high average fat intake are also the countries with highest levels of environmental pollution. (E) An individual resident of a country whose population has a high average fat intake may have a diet with a low fat intake. Difficulty - Hard
Alright, let’s break down the question.
Argument Summary:
There’s a correlation between higher average fat intake in a country and a higher incidence of cancer in that country (and vice-versa). Therefore, individuals should reduce their fat intake to reduce their risk of cancer.
Question:
Which option weakens the argument that individuals should reduce their fat intake to lower their risk of cancer?
Analysis of Options:
(A) Traditional Diets: This choice tells us why countries might have differences in fat intake. However, it doesn’t necessarily weaken the direct link between fat intake and cancer risk for an individual.
(B) Wealth: This option states a correlation between wealth and fat intake but doesn’t draw a link between wealth and cancer incidence. So, it doesn’t directly weaken the argument.
(C) Prominent Cause of Death: This suggests that even in countries with low fat intake, cancer is still a significant health concern. However, it doesn’t provide an alternative reason for the cancer, so it doesn’t sufficiently weaken the argument.
(D) Environmental Pollution: This choice offers an alternative cause for the high incidence of cancer in countries with high fat intake. If high fat intake countries also have high levels of pollution, then the pollution could be the primary cause of the higher cancer rates, not the fat intake. This weakens the argument’s claim that individuals should reduce fat intake to lower their risk of cancer.
(E) Individual Diet Variability: While this option highlights that an individual’s diet can differ from the country’s average, it doesn’t directly challenge the link between fat intake and cancer.
Answer:
Option (D) is the correct choice because it introduces an alternative cause for the high incidence of cancer in countries with high fat intake, thereby weakening the argument’s direct correlation between fat intake and cancer risk.