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Q1. Generally, the Tangorams, members of a tribal community residing in the African forests, are particular about their culture. Hence, they do not venture much outside their areas, marry within their group, and discourage people from travelling to cities. However, in the past few years, there have been as many as sixteen instances in which the Tangorams were found to openly mingle with the Ramgogens, members of another tribal community who are more modern than the Tangorams.

Which one of the following, if true, would most help to explain why the Tangorams might have been mingling with the Ramgogens?

(A) The river in the area in which the Tangorams traditionally resided has been drying over the years, forcing the Tangorams to relocate.
(B) The Tangorams and the Ramgogens have drastic similarities in their basic cultural tenets.
(C) The Ramgogens are more in number and the Tangorams would benefit by aligning with the Ramgogens.
(D) The Tangorams were lured by the Ramgogens’ modern lifestyle.
(E) The Ramgogens sensed greater trade opportunities if they used woodcraft-making skills that the Tangorams possess.
D
It is a quite tough question. D is a trap. Me also fell in this trap. Arguments states that Tangorams are particular about their culture. if cultural differences between tribal are huge, than it doesnt support conclusion
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Q1. Generally, the Tangorams, members of a tribal community residing in the African forests, are particular about their culture. Hence, they do not venture much outside their areas, marry within their group, and discourage people from travelling to cities. However, in the past few years, there have been as many as sixteen instances in which the Tangorams were found to openly mingle with the Ramgogens, members of another tribal community who are more modern than the Tangorams.

Which one of the following, if true, would most help to explain why the Tangorams might have been mingling with the Ramgogens?

(A) The river in the area in which the Tangorams traditionally resided has been drying over the years, forcing the Tangorams to relocate.
(B) The Tangorams and the Ramgogens have drastic similarities in their basic cultural tenets.
(C) The Ramgogens are more in number and the Tangorams would benefit by aligning with the Ramgogens.
(D) The Tangorams were lured by the Ramgogens’ modern lifestyle.
(E) The Ramgogens sensed greater trade opportunities if they used woodcraft-making skills that the Tangorams possess.
Should be B. They are particular about their culture. If that is the case, B states that tey have drastic similarities in their basic culture, hence their culture is very similar, so they may still interact with the other group.
Hi, i think B may not be the right choice. Since it is clearly mentioned in the extract given that this mingling has occurred in recent years. Now cultures don’t become similar in few years that too on one side we have conservative tribe and on tbe other side we have a slightly modern tribe. Something to ponder over.
Could be. But maybe they weren’t aware of the other group untill recently.
The other choices are not as good imo
As bb said, A could be the answer but the problem I have with A is that, yes they might have relocated but that doesnt mean they have to mingle. They could relocate without mingling with the other group, if that makes sense
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Q1. The fragile markets were caught off-guard Friday by an unexpected drop in retail sales for May, which renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.

A. which renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
B. an event that renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
C. and renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
D. renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
E. renewing concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
Tricky choice between B and E. A can be easily eliminated since which modifies may, which is nonsense. D can also easily be eliminated as it is a run on, and C suggests that it was the fragile markets that renewed concerns. I picked B because it referred directly to the event (sudden drop in retail sales) but E is also very plausible.
whish event B indicates is not clear because non underlined portion has more than one event
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Q1. The fragile markets were caught off-guard Friday by an unexpected drop in retail sales for May, which renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.

A. which renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
B. an event that renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
C. and renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
D. renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
E. renewing concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
Tricky choice between B and E. A can be easily eliminated since which modifies may, which is nonsense. D can also easily be eliminated as it is a run on, and C suggests that it was the fragile markets that renewed concerns. I picked B because it referred directly to the event (sudden drop in retail sales) but E is also very plausible.
whish event B indicates is not clear because non underlined portion has more than one event
You’re right - there is the retail drop of may, and caught off guard on friday.
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Q1. The fragile markets were caught off-guard Friday by an unexpected drop in retail sales for May, which renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.

A. which renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
B. an event that renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
C. and renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
D. renewed concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.
E. renewing concerns about the pace of the recovery in the United States.

winterschool
Q2. Just as photosynthesis allows plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic food, cellular respiration enables
animals to convert oxygen into energy.

1. Just as photosynthesis allows plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic food,

2. Like photosynthesis, which allows plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic food,

3. Similar to photosynthesis allowing plants’ conversion of carbon dioxide and water into organic food,

4. Similar to allowing plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic food, as done during photosynthesis,

5. As photosynthesis, which allows plants to converts carbon dioxide and water into organic food,

Today’s SC Butler Question :

Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of

Q2. Alexander Graham Bell, the eminent scientist and inventor, is well known for inventing the first practical telephone and also for foundation of the National Geographic Society.

(A) and also for foundation of
(B) and is also known for his founding
(C) and finding of
(D) and also because he founded
(E) and also for founding
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Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of
Is the answer E?

winterschool
Q2. Alexander Graham Bell, the eminent scientist and inventor, is well known for inventing the first practical telephone and also for foundation of the National Geographic Society.

(A) and also for foundation of
(B) and is also known for his founding
(C) and finding of
(D) and also because he founded
(E) and also for founding
Is the answer C?
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Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of
A) okay structure. no parallelism issues
B) "because of..." is wrong here.
C) Okay structure
D)usage of being is incorrect
E) meaning issue - spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of. This implies that the distant tissues is what the tumor is capable of, not the spreading.
A vs C.
I prefer C here, since we are trying to show how the two tumors differs. A uses because, which is more "why" they differ.
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(A) and also for foundation of
(B) and is also known for his founding
(C) and finding of
(D) and also because he founded
(E) and also for foundingAnswer is E
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Q2. Alexander Graham Bell, the eminent scientist and inventor, is well known for inventing the first practical telephone and also for foundation of the National Geographic Society.

(A) and also for foundation of
(B) and is also known for his founding
(C) and finding of
(D) and also because he founded
(E) and also for founding
C, D, B can be eliminated for parallelism issues.
A has a meaning issue - foundation is the wrong word here. It would most likely be "founding".
E is clear and conveys a logical meaning- AGB is well known for... and ABG is well known also for founding
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Q2. Alexander Graham Bell, the eminent scientist and inventor, is well known for inventing the first practical telephone and also for foundation of the National Geographic Society.

(A) and also for foundation of
(B) and is also known for his founding
(C) and finding of
(D) and also because he founded
(E) and also for founding
C, D, B can be eliminated for parallelism issues.
A has a meaning issue - foundation is the wrong word here. It would most likely be "founding".
E is clear and conveys a logical meaning- AGB is well known for... and ABG is well known also for founding
Agree and also if we see from grammar point the gerund ing form acts as an OBJECT. (fOUNDING)

mysterymanrog
winterschool
Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of
A) okay structure. no parallelism issues
B) "because of..." is wrong here.
C) Okay structure
D)usage of being is incorrect
E) meaning issue - spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of. This implies that the distant tissues is what the tumor is capable of, not the spreading.
A vs C.
I prefer C here, since we are trying to show how the two tumors differs. A uses because, which is more "why" they differ.
Yaa exactly, option "A" is very tempting and doesn’t show any difference. It should be "C".
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Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of
I see D

winterschool
Q2. Alexander Graham Bell, the eminent scientist and inventor, is well known for inventing the first practical telephone and also for foundation of the National Geographic Society.

(A) and also for foundation of
(B) and is also known for his founding
(C) and finding of
(D) and also because he founded
(E) and also for founding
I see E
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Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of
Is the answer E?
it has missing verb

RGaurav
winterschool
Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of
Is the answer E?
verb is not present in E

RGaurav
winterschool
Q2. Alexander Graham Bell, the eminent scientist and inventor, is well known for inventing the first practical telephone and also for foundation of the National Geographic Society.

(A) and also for foundation of
(B) and is also known for his founding
(C) and finding of
(D) and also because he founded
(E) and also for founding
Is the answer C?
C changes meaning

Isaacmuriuki
winterschool
Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of
I see D
verb replaced by "being" is not correct

Today’s SC Butler Question :

Today’s SC Butler Question :

Q1. Even though his army had never faced any defeat, the king Theodore carefully planned his every next battle; this practice explains why he never faced any defeat in the first place.

(A) Even though his army had never faced any defeat
(B) Even though his army never faced defeat
(C) Despite his army having never faced defeat
(D) Despite an army that had never been defeated
(E) Despite his army never being defeated

Q2. Jimmy Hill, a player, manager, and pundit, who had been credited with transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries, breathed his last on December 19, 2015.

A. had been credited with transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries,
B. has been credited for transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries,
C. was credited with transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries,
D. had been credited for transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries, has
E. has been credited with transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries,

winterschool
Q1. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous, benign tumor because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues; a benign tumor has none of these properties.

(A) because malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(B) because of malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(C) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(D) in that malignancy not being self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues

(E) in that malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and spreading to distant tissues it may be capable of

winterschool
Q2. Alexander Graham Bell, the eminent scientist and inventor, is well known for inventing the first practical telephone and also for foundation of the National Geographic Society.

(A) and also for foundation of
(B) and is also known for his founding
(C) and finding of
(D) and also because he founded
(E) and also for founding
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Q1. Even though his army had never faced any defeat, the king Theodore carefully planned his every next battle; this practice explains why he never faced any defeat in the first place.

(A) Even though his army had never faced any defeat
(B) Even though his army never faced defeat
(C) Despite his army having never faced defeat
(D) Despite an army that had never been defeated
(E) Despite his army never being defeated
B

winterschool
Q2. Jimmy Hill, a player, manager, and pundit, who had been credited with transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries, breathed his last on December 19, 2015.

A. had been credited with transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries,
B. has been credited for transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries,
C. was credited with transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries,
D. had been credited for transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries, has
E. has been credited with transforming English football by leading a campaign to remove caps on footballers’ salaries,
He is still credited so past and past perfect tense won’t work here. Left with b and e, correct idiom is credit with so E wins
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Q1. Generally, the Tangorams, members of a tribal community residing in the African forests, are particular about their culture. Hence, they do not venture much outside their areas, marry within their group, and discourage people from travelling to cities. However, in the past few years, there have been as many as sixteen instances in which the Tangorams were found to openly mingle with the Ramgogens, members of another tribal community who are more modern than the Tangorams.

Which one of the following, if true, would most help to explain why the Tangorams might have been mingling with the Ramgogens?

(A) The river in the area in which the Tangorams traditionally resided has been drying over the years, forcing the Tangorams to relocate.
(B) The Tangorams and the Ramgogens have drastic similarities in their basic cultural tenets.
(C) The Ramgogens are more in number and the Tangorams would benefit by aligning with the Ramgogens.
(D) The Tangorams were lured by the Ramgogens’ modern lifestyle.
(E) The Ramgogens sensed greater trade opportunities if they used woodcraft-making skills that the Tangorams possess.

winterschool
Q2. Actors who are embroiled in personal conflicts produce greater impact on popular culture, as measured by the number of times such actors’ personal conflicts are referred to in subsequent movies, songs, and books, that do other actors who do not have troubled personal lives. On an average, a personal troubled actor is cited as much as 70% more than other actors of similar era and popularity. The differene clearly shows that actors with personal troubles contribute greater to popular culture than those with little personal complications.

which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Some actors have greater control over the media which results in more references in movies, songs, and books.
B. It is possible to clearly indicate the link between popular culture reference and an actor’s personal troubles.
C. The number of references in movies, songs, and books is a fair measure of the actor’s influnce on popular culture.
D. Actors who live a relatively trouble-free personal life do not posssess inspiring material for movies, songs and books.
E. Popular culture often lauds iconoclastic personalities who often go through pitfalls in personal life.

Today’s CR Butler Questions :

Q1. In a study of the effect of pollution from underwater oil rigs on the fish population in the rigs’ vicinity, researchers compared fish caught in areas near oil rigs with those caught in areas more than a hundred miles away from any oil rig. Finding no differences in the health of the fish in the two catches, the researchers concluded that pollution from oil rigs poses no serious health hazard to the fish population in the rigs’ vicinity.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researchers’ argument?

A. Only a radius of ten miles around oil rigs was considered for the study

B. The fish ecosystems in the two areas sampled were not similar; one area was cold and overcast while the other was hot and sunny.

C. Pollution from oil rigs affects the mating, and therefore, egg-laying behaviour of fish

D. Only a small number of oil rigs are present underwater.

E. The research did not include the long-term of pollution on plants on which the fish survive.

Q2. The cultures of two closely located cities have generally been found to be identical. When one of such twin cities sees an economic slowdown, the event overlaps with increased crime rate in it as compared to the other city. When the economic health is similar in both cities, the two cities exhibit similar crime rates. Therefore, this finding provides definitive evidence that crime rate is a direct result of slowing economy.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

(A) Reliable studies have found that lack of financial well-being increases the likelihood of criminal behavior in individuals.
(B) Increasing crime rate is not a cause of slowing economy.
(C) Economy of a city with twin city is generally no slower than another city with no twin.
(D) In a pair of twin cities both suffering from high crime rate, the economies are equally slow.
(E) Twin cities are no less likely to suffer from high crime rate than other cities with no twin.
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Q3. Confucianism, a Chinese ethical and philosophical system, is based on five virtues: Humanness, Righteousness or Justice, Propriety or Etiquette, Knowledge, and Integrity. Confucius, the individual behind the philosophy, also introduces the idea of meritocracy, leading to the introduction of the imperial examination system in China. The system allowed anyone who passed a morality examination to become a government officer. Confucian governments, thus, attempted to replace “nobility of blood” with “nobility of virtue”. As a result, Confucian governments, however virtuous and moral, remained undemocratic.

Which of the following is an assumption made by the argument above?

A. Not every citizen participated in the Imperial examination system and hence government officers consequently chosen did not represent ‘voice of people’.

B. Ideas such as imperial examination system are central to the philosophy of democracy.

C. Confucian governments are not as effective as democratic governments.

D. Passing a morality exam leads to a non-democratic government.

E. It is not possible for a government to maintain “nobility of virtue” while ensuring a fair representation of the views of entire cross section of society
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winterschool
Q3. Confucianism, a Chinese ethical and philosophical system, is based on five virtues: Humanness, Righteousness or Justice, Propriety or Etiquette, Knowledge, and Integrity. Confucius, the individual behind the philosophy, also introduces the idea of meritocracy, leading to the introduction of the imperial examination system in China. The system allowed anyone who passed a morality examination to become a government officer. Confucian governments, thus, attempted to replace “nobility of blood” with “nobility of virtue”. As a result, Confucian governments, however virtuous and moral, remained undemocratic.

Which of the following is an assumption made by the argument above?

A. Not every citizen participated in the Imperial examination system and hence government officers consequently chosen did not represent ‘voice of people’.

B. Ideas such as imperial examination system are central to the philosophy of democracy.

C. Confucian governments are not as effective as democratic governments.

D. Passing a morality exam leads to a non-democratic government.

E. It is not possible for a government to maintain “nobility of virtue” while ensuring a fair representation of the views of entire cross section of society
D.

winterschool
Q2. The cultures of two closely located cities have generally been found to be identical. When one of such twin cities sees an economic slowdown, the event overlaps with increased crime rate in it as compared to the other city. When the economic health is similar in both cities, the two cities exhibit similar crime rates. Therefore, this finding provides definitive evidence that crime rate is a direct result of slowing economy.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

(A) Reliable studies have found that lack of financial well-being increases the likelihood of criminal behavior in individuals.
(B) Increasing crime rate is not a cause of slowing economy.
(C) Economy of a city with twin city is generally no slower than another city with no twin.
(D) In a pair of twin cities both suffering from high crime rate, the economies are equally slow.
(E) Twin cities are no less likely to suffer from high crime rate than other cities with no twin.
B

winterschool
Q1. In a study of the effect of pollution from underwater oil rigs on the fish population in the rigs’ vicinity, researchers compared fish caught in areas near oil rigs with those caught in areas more than a hundred miles away from any oil rig. Finding no differences in the health of the fish in the two catches, the researchers concluded that pollution from oil rigs poses no serious health hazard to the fish population in the rigs’ vicinity.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researchers’ argument?

A. Only a radius of ten miles around oil rigs was considered for the study

B. The fish ecosystems in the two areas sampled were not similar; one area was cold and overcast while the other was hot and sunny.

C. Pollution from oil rigs affects the mating, and therefore, egg-laying behaviour of fish

D. Only a small number of oil rigs are present underwater.

E. The research did not include the long-term of pollution on plants on which the fish survive.
Somewhat tricky. Should be E. If the plants that the fish need to survive are severely harmed by the pollution, then the pollution indirectly poses a risk to the health of the fish. Failing to consider the impact of pollution on the fishes food, it weakens the conclusion - we are no longer as certain that the fish are not harmed. They might be indirectly harmed by the pollution affecting their food supply.
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Q4. The new research on pesticides that cost the government about half a million dollars has led to the development of the so-called improved version of commonly used pesticides. According to the claims, the new, improved pesticides will save the crops from common diseases. A closer examination will suggest that the currently used pesticides anyway save the crops from all the common diseases and are significantly cheaper as well. Surely there was no point in spending taxpayers’ money in this research.

Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the author’s conclusion?

A. The currently used pesticides are relatively easier to use.
B. The new pesticides require cold storage which adds to the cost for the farmers.
C. It is mandated by a government policy that a fixed amount of taxpayers’ money be dedicated to research activities.
D. Any innovation is first treated with skepticism; the new pesticides are no different.
E. The effect of new pesticides lasts considerably longer than that of the currently used pesticides.

mysterymanrog
winterschool
Q1. In a study of the effect of pollution from underwater oil rigs on the fish population in the rigs’ vicinity, researchers compared fish caught in areas near oil rigs with those caught in areas more than a hundred miles away from any oil rig. Finding no differences in the health of the fish in the two catches, the researchers concluded that pollution from oil rigs poses no serious health hazard to the fish population in the rigs’ vicinity.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researchers’ argument?

A. Only a radius of ten miles around oil rigs was considered for the study

B. The fish ecosystems in the two areas sampled were not similar; one area was cold and overcast while the other was hot and sunny.

C. Pollution from oil rigs affects the mating, and therefore, egg-laying behaviour of fish

D. Only a small number of oil rigs are present underwater.

E. The research did not include the long-term of pollution on plants on which the fish survive.
Somewhat tricky. Should be E. If the plants that the fish need to survive are severely harmed by the pollution, then the pollution indirectly poses a risk to the health of the fish. Failing to consider the impact of pollution on the fishes food, it weakens the conclusion - we are no longer as certain that the fish are not harmed. They might be indirectly harmed by the pollution affecting their food supply.
I think you ignore c, which is a strong contender of E

mysterymanrog
winterschool
Q3. Confucianism, a Chinese ethical and philosophical system, is based on five virtues: Humanness, Righteousness or Justice, Propriety or Etiquette, Knowledge, and Integrity. Confucius, the individual behind the philosophy, also introduces the idea of meritocracy, leading to the introduction of the imperial examination system in China. The system allowed anyone who passed a morality examination to become a government officer. Confucian governments, thus, attempted to replace “nobility of blood” with “nobility of virtue”. As a result, Confucian governments, however virtuous and moral, remained undemocratic.

Which of the following is an assumption made by the argument above?

A. Not every citizen participated in the Imperial examination system and hence government officers consequently chosen did not represent ‘voice of people’.

B. Ideas such as imperial examination system are central to the philosophy of democracy.

C. Confucian governments are not as effective as democratic governments.

D. Passing a morality exam leads to a non-democratic government.

E. It is not possible for a government to maintain “nobility of virtue” while ensuring a fair representation of the views of entire cross section of society
D.
D support argument, but cant be an assumption.
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