winterschool
Q1. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, scientists once assumed that, like all reptiles alive today, dinosaurs were cold-blooded. The recent discovery of dinosaur fossils in the northern arctic, however, has led a number of researchers to conclude that at least some dinosaurs might have been warm-blooded. These researchers point out that only warm-blooded animals could have withstood the frigid temperatures that are characteristic of arctic winters, whereas cold-blooded animals would have frozen to death in the extreme cold. Which one of the following, if true, weakens the researchers’ argument? (A) Today’s reptiles are generally confined to regions of temperate or even tropical climates. (B) The fossils show the arctic dinosaurs to have been substantially smaller than other known species of dinosaurs. (C) The arctic dinosaur fossils were found alongside fossils of plants known for their ability to withstand extremely cold temperatures. (D) The number of fossils found together indicates herds of dinosaurs so large that they would need to migrate to find a continual food supply. (E) Experts on prehistoric climatic conditions believe that winter temperatures in the prehistoric northern arctic were not significantly different from what they are today.
winterschool
Q2. A favored theory to explain the extinction of dinosaurs, together with many other species, has been the globally catastrophic collision of a large asteroid with the Earth. Supporting evidence is an extraterrestrial chemical element in a layer of dust found worldwide at a geological level laid down contemporaneously with the supported event. A new competing theory contends that any asteroid impact was irrelevant, because it was massive volcanic activity that caused the extinctions by putting enough dust into the atmosphere to cool the planet. The Deccan region of India contains extensive volcanic flows that occurred within the same time period as the supposed asteroid impact and the extinctions. Which one of the following, if true, most strongly indicates that the asteroid-impact theory is at least incomplete, if not false? (A) Large concentrations of dinosaur nests with fossil eggs found in Alberta indicate that at least some species of dinosaurs congregated in large groups during some part of their lives. (B) Dinosaur remains indicate that some species of dinosaur could have migrated in herds over wide ranges, so that they could have traveled to escape the local effects of certain catastrophes. (C) Legends from many cultures, such as the Greek legend that Cadmus raised an army by sowing dragons’ teeth in the ground, show that various ancient peoples worldwide were familiar with the fossils of dinosaurs. (D) In the Gobi desert in China, where now only small animals can eke out an existence, fossil dinosaur skeletons 27 feet long were found in circumstances indicating that the climate there was as dry when the dinosaurs lived as it is now. (E) The fossil record in Montana from below the layer of extraterrestrial dust shows a diminution over time in dinosaur species from 35 to 13, and dinosaur teeth found above the dust layer show a diminution in species from 13 to 5. Difficulty - Hard
CR Questions January - 30 :Q1. Studies have shown that the number of books read in elementary school is correlated with later academic success. In the past year, local elementary students have read an average of 10 fewer books than the nationwide elementary student average of 35 books per year, while 90 percent of those local students report playing sports at least twice a week. If these students participated less in sports, they would read more books.
Which of the following, if true, would most effectively weaken the argument?
(A) A nationwide survey of middle school students determined that if given a choice between reading a book and playing a sport, most of these students would choose reading a book.
(B) Participating in sports in elementary school has been shown to be as highly correlated as reading books to later academic success.
(C) The attention spans of elementary school students do not allow these children to read for as long as older students and adults are expected to read.
(D) The local elementary school is in a rural area in which there is no bookstore or public library and internet service is unreliable.
(E) Some local elementary school students who used to enjoy reading have said they no longer choose to read books, preferring to play sports at least twice a week.
Difficulty - Hard
Q2. Editorial: A new city ordinance would place a health and safety tax on cigarettes, with advocates arguing that the sale of cigarettes poses a public health risk to the citizens of the city who don’t smoke. Smokers’ advocates argue that this ordinance would place undue burden on smokers and is unlawful discrimination.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the smokers’ advocates’ argument?
A. It is illegal for the city to discriminate against citizens because of personal choices.
B. It is illegal for the city to discriminate against citizens for health reasons.
C. Taxes can legally be considered discriminatory within the city’s constitution.
D. Taxes levied on non-necessary goods are passed by public referendum and cannot be challenged legally.
E. Taxes levied on non-necessary goods are passed by public referendum and can only be challenged civilly.
Difficulty - Hard