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leonsandcastle332
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 17 Sep 2018, 09:44
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Yas2017
For those still not convinced by why D is wrong.

A lot of folks here have said that D is wrong because WHO refers to fed reserve. this reason is WRONG because WHO can STILL refer to policy makers.

Consider the following:
1. He said that he knows policy makers, who are nice, are good at small talk.
2. He said that he knows policy makers at the fed reserve, who are nice, are good at small talk.

both are correct because in #2 "at the fed reserve" is modifying policy makers. WHO can jump the modifier and refer to policy makers. Look at: https://gmatclub.com/forum/noun-modifier ... 35868.html for more info. this shows that noun modifiers can be far away when there is ANOTHER modifier in the middle.

The real reasons why D is wrong:
1. the presence of will be leads to an awkward sentence. "experts believe that policy makers will be almost certain to...." this will be.. to.. leads to an awkward sentence. Also, there is no indication in the sentence that experts believe that policy makers will do something in the future.
2. wrong idiom is used "view x TO BE Y." correct idiom is view x AS Y.

egmat please confirm my understanding.
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I believe "that of" in the D also makes this wrong
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 29 Nov 2018, 00:10
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daagh
Here is a yet another dimension to solve this tangle the grammar way;

A. Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are ---- correct sentence with a working plural verb -are- for the subject policy makers

B. Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are ……..The conjunction- and – spoils the party, by weaning away the verb and leaving the first part of the sentence a fragment without a working verb

C. Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are … the intrusion of who despoils the structure of the sentence by rendering the main clause a fragment.

D. Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be --- as already punted out, the pronoun –who- does not gel with the Fed, literally an inanimate body

E. Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is ------ policy makers and is – S-V mismatch

These observations are in addition to the other idiomatic mistakes pointed by other posters .
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I have a doubt between A and D
Who can anyways not modify FR- so modifier err is not there- what else to eliminate the incorrect option out of these two?
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 29 Nov 2018, 00:11
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daagh
Here is a yet another dimension to solve this tangle the grammar way;

A. Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are ---- correct sentence with a working plural verb -are- for the subject policy makers

B. Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are ……..The conjunction- and – spoils the party, by weaning away the verb and leaving the first part of the sentence a fragment without a working verb

C. Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are … the intrusion of who despoils the structure of the sentence by rendering the main clause a fragment.

D. Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be --- as already punted out, the pronoun –who- does not gel with the Fed, literally an inanimate body

E. Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is ------ policy makers and is – S-V mismatch

These observations are in addition to the other idiomatic mistakes pointed by other posters .

I have a doubt between A and D
Who (used for person)can anyways not modify FR- so modifier err is not there- what else to eliminate the incorrect option out of these two?
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 19 May 2019, 07:27
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Hi generis

I have no issue with the answer of this question. However I would like to understand whether relative pronoun "who" can jump over the prepositional phrase "at the Fed" to modify "policy makers"? Such jump is acceptable for "which" and "that", but how about "who"? And in such a case, is a comma required before the relative pronoun?

Thanks
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 21 May 2019, 21:05
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duybachhpvn
Hi generis

I have no issue with the answer of this question. However I would like to understand whether relative pronoun "who" can jump over the prepositional phrase "at the Fed" to modify "policy makers"? Such jump is acceptable for "which" and "that", but how about "who"? And in such a case, is a comma required before the relative pronoun?

Thanks
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duybachhpvn , yes, all of the pronouns after the colon can "jump" over prepositional phrases to reach the noun they modify:
which, who, whom, whose, that, where, when

Many reply writers on this thread assert otherwise. Those posters are incorrect.

This person has the right idea, HERE.

Finally, in the case of who without a comma, yes, it is absolutely okay for WHO to refer to policy makers and to be preceded by "at the Federal Reserve" --
because we have two essential modifiers, and one is placed right after the other.
A WHO without commas indicates essential information.
The prepositional phrase "at the..." is essential information.
Two essential modifiers can't both go right after the noun. :)

If you want to see similar analysis (addressing comma + who), please read Ron Purewal HERE.

The modifier WHO refers to policy makers whether commas exist or not. :)

Nice catch. +1

Hope that helps.
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 21 May 2019, 21:06
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Bull78
Source : GMATPrep Default Exam Pack

Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interests rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.
Show more

Quote:
(A) Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are
Show more
This option seems fine.

Quote:
(B) Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are
Show more
• correct idiom is VIEW X AS Y, not view X to be Y
• THAT OF makes no sense. In "between X and Y," X = moderate growth and Y = low inflation.
THAT OF has nothing to reference.

Quote:
(C) Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are
Show more
WHO refers to policy makers, and that fact is fine.
Remove the "now viewing . . ." nonessential information.
-- This resulting sentence is nonsensical
Experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve WHO are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged. WRONG

Quote:
(D) Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be
Show more
• correct idiom: VIEW X AS Y, not view X to be Y
• that of makes no sense

Quote:
(E) Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is
Show more
• the subject of the that-clause is policy makers, NOT the Federal Reserve
• WHICH is for things, not for people
• subject/verb disagreement. Policy makers . . . ARE

**********

• RELATIVE PRONOUNS CAN BE SEPARATED FROM THE NOUNS THEY MODIFY

This thread got off to a rough start. It happens.
Some posters above insist that WHO modifies Federal Reserve. That assertion is not correct.
WHO modifies policy makers.

An exception to the "touch" rule: a noun and its modifier may be separated by another modifier.

An essential modifier trumps a non-essential one such as COMMA + WHO
-- The prepositional phrase "at the Federal Reserve" is an essential modifier of policy makers.
-- COMMA + WHO is a non-essential modifier of policy makers.

Just as is the case with WHICH, the relative pronoun WHO can "reach back" over the preposition to modify its noun.

I'll use Manhattan's SC example, because it's clear.
The box of nails, which is nearly full, is Jean's.

WHICH refers to the BOX.
That construction is correct; the essential modifier OF NAILS trumps the non-essential modifier WHICH is nearly full,
but both modifiers refer to the box. See Manhattan Prep GMAT Sentence Correction, 6th Edition, pp 59-60.

The construction in this case is the same as the "box of nails" example.
-- at the Federal Reserve is an essential modifier of policy makers
-- who now view ALSO modifies policy makers

If you would like to see similar analysis of this very question (and discussion of other issues the question raises), see Ron Purewal and the crew at Manhattan Prep, HERE.

The correct answer is A.

And the pronoun WHO refers to policy makers.
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser Updated on: 27 Apr 2020, 08:38
Originally posted by bitorbyte on 16 Apr 2020, 03:43.
Last edited by bitorbyte on 27 Apr 2020, 08:38, edited 1 time in total.
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gmatter0913
I got this question in my GMAT Prep yesterday. I am sure that I couldn't nail this problem because of lack of conceptual clarity.

When I looked at option A, I felt the phrase between the commas is an '-ing' modifier and hence it doesn't modify the closest noun/noun phrase - "policy makers at the Federal Reserve". Instead, the modifier modifies "how experts believe?"

So, I felt may be C is better in adding 'Who', though I was really not sure.

Could somebody help me where am I wrong in my reasoning?
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Re: A I fell for the same trap. Here is the explanation for it.

I did not recognize the presence of 'that' in front of 'policy makers'. So the subject of the rest of the clause if 'policy makers'.

A comma-ing modifier can have comma(s) before the modifier, after the modifier, or both before and after the modifier. In this case, we have commas both before and after the modifier. The 'viewing' here modifies policy makers at the Federal Reserve are almost certain to leave interests rates unchanged for the foreseeable future. This is similar to the following less ambiguous and correct sentence:

Paldon, thinking that the price of USD will go higher after the pandemic, exchanged all her currencies to the USD.

Here the modifier thinking that the price of USD will go higher after the pandemic correctly modifies the core clause Paldon exchanged all her currencies to the USD.
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 19 Jul 2020, 09:09
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Bull78
Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interests rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.

(A) Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are

(B) Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are

(C) Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are

(D) Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be

(E) Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is
Show more

A. Correct
B. No Parallelism - 'that of moderate growth' and 'low inflation' are not parallel. Also, in this case
- 'viewing' is not parallel to 'Are certain'.
C. Incomplete sentence. "X who are Y ". No primary verb
D. Correct idiom is 'view as' not 'view to be'
E. is cannot refer to plural 'policy makers'
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 21 Sep 2020, 00:03
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Bull78
Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interests rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.

(A) Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are

(B) Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are

(C) Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are

(D) Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be

(E) Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is
Show more

This question is based on Construction.

Option B contains an idiomatic error. The correct idiomatic usage is ‘viewed as’ and not ‘viewed to be’. So, Option B can also be eliminated.

Option C contains the relative pronoun ‘who’. This pronoun would convert the last part of the sentence into another subordinate clause, thus making the sentence incomplete as the subject “policy makers at the Federal Reserve” would then not have a verb. so, Option C can also be eliminated.

Option D contains the same idiomatic error as Option B. It also has the wrong tense ‘will be’. The verb ‘will’ implies certainty. But the sentence also contains the phrase ‘almost certain’. Since there is a mismatch in the meaning thus conveyed, Option D can also be eliminated.

When the underlined portion of the sentence begins or ends with a verb, there could be a subject-verb disagreement or tense error. In Option E, the verb at the end of the underlined portion is the singular form ‘is’ rather than the plural form ‘are’. Since the subject of the verb is “policy makers at the Federal Reserve”, the verb must be plural. Option E also contains a pronoun reference error. The pronoun ‘which’ cannot refer to policy makers. So, Option E can be eliminated.

Option A contains the correct verb ‘are’. It also contains a modifier “now viewing…..inflation”, which modifies the policy makers at the Federal Reserve. Therefore, Option A is the most appropriate option.

Jayanthi Kumar.
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 27 Nov 2020, 23:00
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(A) Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are -- Correct.

(B) Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are -- "between that of A and that of B" is the correct idiom. This is incorrect. Further, the main clause may be a fragment since it has no verb now.

(C) Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are -- Fragment. Main clause has no verb.

(D) Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be -- "will be" is wrong. They are certain today about an event in future. The certainty is not in future and is in present. The use of future tense is wrong here.

(E) Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is -- Incorrect. SV error. "is" does not reconcile with the plural subject.
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 28 Nov 2020, 10:59
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Can someone please explain what does the modifier ' now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation' modify?

Thank you in advance!
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 09 Mar 2021, 04:11
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generis GMATNinja
Quote:
(D) Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be

• correct idiom: VIEW X AS Y, not view X to be Y
• that of makes no sense
Show more

I have a query for the claimed " wrong usage of that of in D " in forum
If I am being literal and strict
X view economy as balanced between economy of moderate growth and economy of low inflation. Can't that of be economy?

P.S Doesn't it makes more sense to say I view the current economy as economy of growth than to say I view the current economy as growth? I eliminated A and picked D because of this factor.

Maybe the word "view as" is making things less strict ? Still I would love to hear experts thought on this
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 12 Mar 2021, 07:20
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Q: Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interests rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.

(A) Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are - subject ‘policy makers’ and verb ‘are’ are in agreement
(B) Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are – not idiomatic – the correct idiom is ‘view x as y’, not ‘to be y’
(C) Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are - ‘who’ seems to refer to the Federal Reserve, which is not a ‘person’
(D) Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be – ‘who’ seems to refer to the Federal Reserve, which is not a ‘person’
(E) Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is – singular verb ‘is’ does not agree with plural noun ‘policy makers’
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 04 Apr 2021, 23:37
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DanTe02
generis GMATNinja
Quote:
(D) Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be

• correct idiom: VIEW X AS Y, not view X to be Y
• that of makes no sense

I have a query for the claimed " wrong usage of that of in D " in forum
If I am being literal and strict
X view economy as balanced between economy of moderate growth and economy of low inflation. Can't that of be economy?

P.S Doesn't it makes more sense to say I view the current economy as economy of growth than to say I view the current economy as growth? I eliminated A and picked D because of this factor.

Maybe the word "view as" is making things less strict ? Still I would love to hear experts thought on this
Show more

Hey DanTe02, I am no expert but see if this helps.
Economy of modern growth and economy of low inflationÆ make no sense here. This is literally saying modern growth and low inflation have an economy. What?!

And the correct sentence is saying that the economy is viewed as balanced between x and y, not the economy is viewed as growth
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 20 Jun 2021, 08:24
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Hi,
I have a doubt here in option A: how is ", now viewing" modifying the preceding noun "policy experts at the Fed". doesn't verb-ing modifier modify the preceding action when a comma exists?
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 20 Jun 2021, 09:52
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nityabahl
Hi,
I have a doubt here in option A: how is ", now viewing" modifying the preceding noun "policy experts at the Fed". doesn't verb-ing modifier modify the preceding action when a comma exists?
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Hi Nitya, the scenario you've mentioned, holds true when the present participial phrase appears towards the end of a clause (and is preceded by a comma).

This sentence however, does not represent that scenario. Notice that "that" marks the start of a new clause.

So, the construct with the present participial phrase is:

policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy...

So, you would notice that what precedes the present participial phrase is a "phrase" ("policy makers at the Federal Reserve") and not a clause/action.

Let's take a simpler example:

Indian Government believed that Indians, knowing that the economy is not doing well, will cut down on spending.

Again, the the present participial phrase ("knowing that the economy..") will modify "Indians", and not the preceding action ("believed").
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 22 Jun 2022, 07:23
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Hi EducationAisle GMATNinja KarishmaB - Question on (D)

Quote:

(option D)
Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be certain to leave interests rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.
Show more


- Is the tense and the tone of the sentence in the yellow highlight - simple future tense and passive voice ?

I believe it is.

If so, is the tense (future tense in the case of D) a genuine split ?

I notice in (A) - the tense is simple tense

Is that a split between (A) and (D) to eliminate (d) ?

Some people are saying it is -- but i dont think a test taker can figure that out as both make sense to me

Do you think its a genuine split or no ?
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 22 Jun 2022, 20:30
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Hi
So from what GMAT NINJA said, it seems that if we have an -ing modifier next to a noun phrase then it's going to modify that noun phrase if it is also the subject of the clause. However, if the noun phrase is not the subject of the clause then the -ing modifier will not modify that noun phrase. Instead, the modifier will modify the subject of the previous clause?

In the case of this question, since "policy makers at the Federal Reserve" is the subject of the sentence the -ing modifier is modifying it?
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 22 Jun 2022, 21:18
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jabhatta2
Question on (D)

Quote:

(option D)
Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be certain to leave interests rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.


- Is the tense and the tone of the sentence in the yellow highlight - simple future tense and passive voice ?

I believe it is.

If so, is the tense (future tense in the case of D) a genuine split ?

I notice in (A) - the tense is simple tense

Is that a split between (A) and (D) to eliminate (d) ?

Some people are saying it is -- but i dont think a test taker can figure that out as both make sense to me

Do you think its a genuine split or no ?
Show more
It is certain that James would ace GMAT.

This is equivalent to:

James is certain to ace GMAT.

This would be incorrect:

James will be certain to ace GMAT.

Basically, certainty (based on perhaps James' competence or level of preparation) is now, though the act of acing GMAT will obviously happen in future.

Similarly,

It is certain that policy makers will leave interests rates unchanged.

This is equivalent to:

Policy makers are certain to leave interests rates unchanged.
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Solenja
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GRE 1: Q163 V157
GRE 1: Q163 V157
Posts: 127
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Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reser 23 Jun 2022, 00:52
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GMATNinja
This question popped up on our Ask Me Anything About SC thread, and I figured that I'd repost it here, just in case it helps somebody:

bitorbyte
Thanks for doing this. In the following question, why is 'viewing' (a comma ing) a noun modifier? I thought 'comma ing's always modified the action of the previous clause.

Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interests rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.
Important distinction: when an "-ing" word follows a clause with a comma, it modifies the previous clause. But if it follows a noun with a comma, it often modifies the noun phrase. For example:

    The coach believed that Tim, lacking a jump shot and any desire to pass or play defense, was unlikely to be drafted by the Golden State Warriors, who already had Andrew Wiggins on their roster.

Here "Tim" is a noun functioning as the subject of a clause. Because this noun is followed by a comma and an "-ing" modifier, the "-ing" modifier most logically describes the noun, in this case, the athletically-challenged Tim.

We have an almost identical construction in (A). "The Federal Reserve" is a noun phrase. "Now viewing" describes the Federal Reserve. That's perfectly fine.

I hope that helps!
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Hey Mr.Charles
I'm really sorry for making you explain this again :shh: i got the correct answer but can you please explain why c is wrong?
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