Measuring more than five feet tall and ten feet long, the Javan rhinoceros is often called the rarest large mammal on earth. None exist in zoos. Like the Indian rhino, the Javan has only one horn; African and Sumatran rhinos have two. While the Javan rhino habitat once extended across southern Asia, now there are fewer than one hundred of the animals in Indonesia and under a dozen in Vietnam. Very little is known about Javan rhinos because they lead secretive and solitary lives in remote jungles. Until recently, scientists debated whether females even have horns, and most scientific work has had to rely on DNA garnered from dung. The near extinction of the Javan rhino is the direct result of human actions. For centuries, farmers, who favored the same habitat, viewed them as crop eating pests and shot them on sight. During the colonial period, hunters slaughtered thousands. Now, human efforts to save them may well prove futile. The Vietnamese herd is probably doomed, as too few remain to maintain the necessary genetic variation. Rhinos from Java cannot supplement the Vietnamese numbers because in the millions of years since Indonesia separated from the mainland, the two groups have evolved into separate sub-species. In Indonesia, the rhinos are protected on the Ujung Kulon peninsula, which is unsettled by humans, and still have sufficient genetic diversity to have a chance at survival. Ironically, however, the lack of human disturbance allows mature forests to replace the shrubby vegetation the animals prefer. Thus, human benevolence may prove little better for these rhinos than past human maltreatment.

1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Javan rhinos are one of the most endangered animals on the planet. -One of the MOST endangered? Incorrect
B. More is known about the genetics of the Javan rhino than is known about its mating patterns. -CORRECT. Scientists don't have much information. They perform analysis from "dung" for a particular theory.
C. Hunters killed more Javan rhinos in Vietnam than in Indonesia.-No such information given.
D. Most animal extinctions are the result of human actions. -Most animals is a generalisation. This passage is about Javan rhinos
E. Genetic diversity is the most important factor for the survival of a species. -Most important? Exaggerated




2. The author’s attitude toward current human efforts to save the Javan rhino can best be described as

A. optimistic and worthwhile -Not at all optismistic
B. pointless and doomed -Yes its "futile" but not sad.
C. idealistic but profitable -Not at all idealistic
D. problematic and ironic -Yes both problematic and ironical - "Ironically, however, the lack of human disturbance allows mature forests to replace the shrubby vegetation the animals prefer. Thus, human benevolence may prove little better for these rhinos than past human maltreatment"
E. confused but heroic -Not at all heroic




3. The author mentions that the Javan rhino has only one horn in order to do which of the following?

A. explain why it is closer to extinction than the African rhino -No comparison for extinction
B. contrast it to the number of horns that the Indian rhino has -No such contrast mentioned. Its just plain simple information
C. demonstrate its evolution into a separate sub-species -No evolution is demonstrated
D. describe the features of the animal -CORRECT. The author is simply saying that like indian rhinos, Javan rhinos have 1 horn. He further states that african rhinos have 2 horn. There is contrast, no seperate theory. Its simple straightforward.
E. contrast it to the number of horns that females have -No contrast




4. The purpose of the first paragraph is to

A. discuss the different types of rhinoceroses that populate the world -Absolutely not. Passage is just about Javan rhinos.
B. describe the ways in which human actions have brought the Javan rhino close to extinction -No, its not the central point of first para.
C. outline the few known facts about the Javan rhino -CORRECT. Author simply states facts about javan rhino
D. discuss the steps taken to save the Javan rhino -No
E. highlight the differences between the sub-species of Javan rhinos in Vietnam and Indonesia -LOL




5. According to the passage, which of the following best explains why the number of Javan rhinos in Vietnam cannot be increased by additions from those in the Ujung Kulon peninsula?

A. The Indonesian Javan rhinos constitute a separate sub-species. CORRECT. Straight from the passage
B. The Javan rhinos cannot swim to Vietnam and have no land route available. -Are you kidding me?
C. Neither Vietnam nor Indonesia has the funds for such a project. -ROFL
D. Javan rhinos in the Ujung Kulon peninsula are almost impossible to capture. So what? We dont know about rhinos in vietnam
E. Terrorist activity in Indonesia has made such a project too dangerous to attempt. -LOL




6. The author states that which of the following was most responsible for the near extinction of the Javan rhino?
"I DONT AGREE WITH THE OA GIVEN FOR THIS OPTION."
A. farmers shooting them on sight -This is just an example.
B. the separation of Indonesia from the mainland -No
C. hunters slaughtering thousands -This is just an example
D. current human efforts to save them -No
E. the cumulative effect of many past human activities -Yes its the human activities. Maybe for centuries farmers killed a million of rhinos. And later with much more advanced weaponry the poachers killed a 999,999 (that is still thousands). No concrete reason is given for any particular activity to become the winner