Meaning.
The treasury market dropped in response to two things:-
1. A decrease in the value of dollar
2. Continued concern.
That the economy might be growing as fas as to accelerate inflation and drive interest rates higher.
So what is the concern?
Concern that the economy might be growing as fast as to do two things:-
1. To accelerate inflation
2. To drive interest rates higher.

So things to notice here are:-
1.We dont need "as fast as" because this phrase is used for comparison and we are not comparing economy growth rate to something else.
2. We need the relative pronoun "that" as it modifies concern. It gives us additional information what kind of concern it is.
The only possible answer is B
C - doesn't even talk about economy.
D - so as to is incorrect because it expresses intention or purpose.
E - possibility and possibly means the same thing, hence redundant.

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The treasury market dropped in response to a decrease in the value of the dollar and to continued concern that the economy might be growing as fast as to accelerate inflation and drive interest rates higher.

A. that the economy might be growing as fast as -- as fast as to accelerate denotes deliberate intention by the economy, a wrong intent per se

B. that the economy might be growing fast enough -- the best choice
C. with the economy’s possibly growing so fast as --- economy' possibly growing is bad grammar. The noun after the possessive adjective is missing.
D. with the possibility of the economy growing fast enough so as ----fast enough so as denotes intention
E. with the possibility of the economy possibly growing fast enough-- possibility of the economy possibly growing is awkwardly redundant

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Can anyone explain what's wrong with "with the possibility of "? Thanks in advance

I think "might be growing" show a future possibility , the time of speaking is in the past.