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Bunuel
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Yellkrishna
The author gives a critique on the western thought. Then he talks about an individual’s thought process and extrapolates it to a civilisational level.

A. This makes sense. It talks about different levels of thought process and then tries to correlate them.

B. There are no opposed sets of circumstances being discussed here. The ‘other’ being discussed is part of an elaborate topic.

C. The conclusion does not seem to have a supporting evidence in the same sphere of thought.
But the different circumstances in the individual scale has been used to compare with the state level
of thought. ‘Even as’ has been used to use the following sentence as a supporting argument.
While the supporting argument can be discussed as insufficient, it is not irrelevant.

D. Conflicting evidence?

E. There is no critical term as such.

Posted from my mobile device

What is the point of similarity that the argument identifies though? I marked D since I couldn't see or infer any similarity?

Here is how I reasoned through it:
The author makes the statement "Even as an individual fails to develop fully without constant interaction with an equal, a tradition of thought loses vitality and lacks the capacity for rigorous self-criticism without the probing presence of an authentic “other"."
The similarity here is between how "an individual does develop fully without interaction of an "equal". The author makes the claim that western thinking does not interact with other traditions, and likens it to an individual who does not interact with an equal - both are underdeveloped because of the lack of interaction.

Through PoE:
E) Can be easily eliminated. There is no critical term defined here.
D) No conflicting assumptions have been made, nor is any conclusion derived from an assumption.
C) No other conclusion apart from the author's is present in the passage.
B) No reconciliation is done in the passage, nor are there opposed set of circumstances.
A) Last man standing, and matches perfectly with the reasoning - the author compares "individual w/o interaction" to how "western culture and thinking does not interact".

From what I can recall, the GMAT does not test method of reasoning - so I would not stress too hard over this question if you are having a hard time getting it.
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The West does not escape the effects of its relationship with the non-Western world. Even as an individual fails to develop fully without constant interaction with an equal, a tradition of thought loses vitality and lacks the capacity for rigorous self-criticism without the probing presence of an authentic “other.” In the absence of constant and critical dialogue with other traditions, Western thought remains parochial, commonplace, and narrow.

Which one of the following techniques of argument does the author use in the passage?

(A) identifying a point of similarity between two different states of affairs - CORRECT.

(B) reconciling two opposed sets of circumstances with each other - WRONG. There is no reconciliation as there is no opposite sets.

(C) identifying a conclusion that has no supporting argument - WRONG. It tries to analogise so there's some supporting argument.

(D) deriving a conclusion from a set of conflicting assumptions - WRONG.

(E) taking advantage of inconsistencies in the definition of a critical term - WRONG.
Tough question as I was stuck between A and D, and unfortunately chose D. So, here's what i think now after giving it a thought again.

Although I wasn't sure of D because of "conflicting assumptions", "two different states of affairs" in A did sounded like it's not what passage says. In A, what is different state of affairs. Even if there are two what is different about them. Such questions and doubts led me to eliminate A. However, in D, like C, if there's a assumption it can't be conflicting since there's an analogy in the passage.

Answer A.
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Bunuel
The West does not escape the effects of its relationship with the non-Western world. Even as an individual fails to develop fully without constant interaction with an equal, a tradition of thought loses vitality and lacks the capacity for rigorous self-criticism without the probing presence of an authentic “other.” In the absence of constant and critical dialogue with other traditions, Western thought remains parochial, commonplace, and narrow.

Which one of the following techniques of argument does the author use in the passage?


(A) identifying a point of similarity between two different states of affairs

(B) reconciling two opposed sets of circumstances with each other

(C) identifying a conclusion that has no supporting argument

(D) deriving a conclusion from a set of conflicting assumptions

(E) taking advantage of inconsistencies in the definition of a critical term

Even as an individual fails to develop fully without constant interaction with an equal, a tradition of thought(namely western thought) loses vitality and lacks the capacity for rigorous self-criticism without the probing presence of an authentic “other.”

As is used to compare two things. The two things compared are an individual and western thought. These two are similar in nature

Ans A
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