nookway wrote:
The widely accepted big-bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.
nookway wrote:
(A) that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding
-> Sentence says that the big bang theory states (holds) that the..... Makes sense.
-> "began" is logically parallel to "has been". Two Parallel Verbs need not be of the same tense.
Let's keep Option A.
nookway wrote:
(B) that the universe had begun in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and had been expanding
Following are the errors in Option B -
i)
Verb Tense Error : We generally use Past Perfect Tense to show the timeline of 2 correlated actions. Here, "had begun in an explosive instant" and "had been expanding" appear without the presence of any verb in the simple past tense. (I'm not really sure if we can eliminate on the fact that "universe is currently expanding so the verb tense has to be present perfect
GMATNinja or any other expert can give their view on this)
Eliminate Option B.
nookway wrote:
(C) that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago that has expanded
Following are the errors in Option C -
i)
Modifier Error : the second "that" refers back to "an explosive instant" which does not make sense.
ii)
Meaning Error : The sentence illogically says that "the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant"
Eliminate Option C.
nookway wrote:
(D) the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago that is expanding
Following are the errors in Option D -
i)
Meaning Error : The sentence illogically says that "the big bang theory holds the beginning of the universe" which is illogical.
ii)
Modifier Error : The second "that" refers back to "an explosive instant" which does not make sense.
iii)
Verb Tense Error : Would prefer using "has been expanding" over "is expanding" because clearly this is an action that started in the past and has been continuing till date.
Eliminate Option D.
nookway wrote:
(E) the universe to have begun in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding
Following are the errors in Option E -
i)
Meaning Error : The sentence illogically says that "the big bang theory holds the universe"
ii)
Parallelism Error : "have begun" is not parallel to "has been".
Eliminate Option E.
So our answer is Option A.