This picture of Beethoven was sketched by a close friend of

Question

This picture of Beethoven  was sketched by a close friend of his by memory a few weeks after his death .

A. was sketched by a close friend of his by memory a few weeks after his death 
 B. was sketched by his close friend from memory a few weeks after his death 
 C. on his death bed, was sketched by a close friend of his from memory a few weeks later 
 D. was sketched by a close friend a few weeks after his death by memory 
 E. was sketched from memory a few weeks after his death by a close friend of his

esledge · Accepted Answer

"a close friend of his" feels a little casual to me (esp. for the GMAT) compared to "his close friend," and of course it's wordier. Strike against ACE. (C) totally changes the meaning. Was the picture of "Beethoven on his death bed" or of Beethoven, just living his life? The GMAT would never expect you to make that judgement call (without seeing the picture--ha ha :shock:

). But (C) also has a punctuation error: the comma before the verb. "sketched" has several modifiers: "by a close friend" and "by/from memory" and "a few weeks after..." The modifiers can't all touch "sketched," but they shouldn't be so far away that the placement creates ambiguity. In (E), "by a close friend" following "death" could be misinterpreted (he died next to his friend? or worse, at the hand of his friend?). In (D), "by memory" following "death" could be misinterpreted (he died of memory problems?). There's an idiom here, too: I painted the scene from memory. (Correct.) I painted the scene by memory. (Incorrect.) Even if this idiom is arguable, it gives another strike against (A). So, (B) is the only answer with no problems.

sanap · Answer

IMO E.

E is the only option where "his" refers to Beethoven.

BarneyStinson · Answer

This is a good question that tests the readability of the test-taker. esledge gave a good answer I believe, I too drew the same answer using my technique yet, this question posed a good challenge.

This picture of Beethoven | was sketched by his close friend | from memory | a few weeks after his death.

If it is read wrongly - makes it sound awkward and good for elimination.

This picture of Beethoven | was sketched | by his close friend from memory | a few weeks after his death.

However, the perfect answer would have been -

This picture of Beethoven | was sketched   from memory   by his close friend | a few weeks after his death.

Despite the pauses in reading the sentence, or not, the meaning is not distorted. And GMAT asks us only the appropriate answer option among the given choices, not the perfect answer to a given question.

esledge · Answer

sanap and swethar, can you further explain why you think "his" only refers to Beethoven in (E)? Is it because "his death" most closely follows the friend, not Beethoven, in ABD?

I'll point out that there are two "his"s in ABE. The first "his" in A and B cannot refer to the friend (based on the way it is used in relation to "friend," only to Beethoven. Two "his" in the same sentence must have the same antecedent, so we are correct to interpret "his death" as Beethoven's death.

A. was sketched by a close friend of  his  by memory a few weeks after  his  death 
B. was sketched by  his  close friend from memory a few weeks after  his  death

amma4u · Answer

This picture of Beethoven  was sketched by a close friend of his by memory a few weeks after his death . 
A. was sketched by a  close friend of his  by memory a few weeks after his death = 
B. was sketched by his close friend from memory a few weeks after his death = keep it
C. on his death bed, was sketched by a close friend of his from memory a few weeks later = ignore.
D. was sketched by a  close friend  a few weeks after  his  death by memory = here "his" refers to close friend
 E. was sketched from memory a few weeks after his death by a close friend of his = correct one.

Scrat · Answer

I go for E too but you should probably also look at "by memory" vs "from memory" as well. 'by memory" is not correct here so A and D are out. C completely changes the meaning of the sentence. for B, "from memory" position in the sentence is amiguous so E is the only one that makes sense.

This picture of Beethoven was sketched by a close friend of his by memory a few weeks after his death. 
A. was sketched by a close friend of his  by memory  a few weeks after his death 
B. was sketched by his close friend  from memory  a few weeks after his death 
C. on his death bed, was sketched by a close friend of his  from memory  a few weeks later 
D. was sketched by a close friend a few weeks after his death  by memory  
E. was sketched  from memory  a few weeks after his death by a close friend of his

esledge · Answer

I agree that by memory/from memory is useful. However, I disagree that "from memory" placement is ambiguous in B. A prepositional phrase can be either a noun modifier or adverbial modifier:

(1) Adverbial modifiers don't have to touch the modified verb/whatever. So if we mean "sketched by memory," then "sketched by his close friend from memory" is acceptable, especially since "by his close friend" also modifies "sketched," so it's understandable that the modifiers can't both touch "sketched."

(2) If "from memory" is interpreted as a noun modifier, then it must modify "friend." But this is far less reasonable than the interpretation in (1) above. And in any case, (E) has a similar issue: "death by a close friend" is a more common turn of phrase than "friend from memory," and is a more concerning ambiguity (logically). Also, (E) has greater distance between its troublesome modifier and "sketched" than (B) does!

In summary: I'm willing to concede that E may be OK, but I do not agree that B is wrong. In my view, B is somewhat preferable to E. I think we must conclude that this question has two acceptable answers and is therefore flawed.

Poma777 · Answer

I agree with amma4u. Answer E clearly states that the picture of Beethoveen was sketched after beethoven death and not after his friend death. 
In B, "after his death" could refer to either Beethoven or his friend = not clear.

esledge · Answer

I definitely see what everyone is saying about "his death" referring more clearly to Beethoven's death in (E).

But there are a couple rules that apply:

1. If you use a pronoun multiple times in a sentence, the default understanding is that all have the same antecedent.
 The manager sold his car to his employee a few weeks after he was hired. 
Even though "his" and "he" are different cases of the male pronoun, the default assumption is that they all refer to the same antecedent: the manager. If the intended meaning were "after the employee was hired," then it would be wrong to use "he." But if the intended meaning is "after the manager was hired," you can either say "he" or "the manager." Is it more clear to say "the manager"? Definitely, yes. But is it wrong to say "he"? I don't think it's wrong enough to be the sole reason for GMAT elimination.

2. Logical meaning plays a role in making a pronoun-antecedent connection. It's obvious the friend could not sketch after the friend's death, so (with #1 also in mind), "his death" is not only  allowed to  refer to "Beethoven's death," it  should  refer to "Beethoven's death."

This example isn't exactly the same, but I doubt anyone would complain that "his" is terribly unclear in this sentence:
 Larry's bike was stolen by  his  former friend two weeks after  his  last bike ride. 
If "his" friend is Larry's friend, "his" ride would be Larry's ride too. And logically, if "his last bike ride" were the friend's, wouldn't the trip to steal the bike  be  the last ride, not  two weeks after  the last ride? We consider both repetition and logic, as we should on the Beethoven question.

My point: pronouns must have clear antecedents, but there are some uses that are acceptable even though they might fall into a grey area.

On the pronoun issue, sure, E is better than B.
On the modifier issue, B is better than E.
On the GMAT, the wrong answers are usually more wrong than either of these choices!

daagh · Answer

Before too long, let me also jump into the fray; IMO,  a wrong word order  is an important style error in SC , that will override any others since it directly affects the meaning of the entire clause.

Now on B;

If ‘ his ’ is ambiguous here, who else might it refer to?  ‘His friend’  probably implying that the friend sketched it after a few weeks after his own death ( probably as a ghost?). How logical is this frightening reference? .

On E; 
 Was sketched from memory a few weeks after his death by a close friend of his  
1. I hve no issues about the phrase  'a friend of his’  modifying Beethoven. However, the wording of  ‘by a close friend of his’  immediately after his death is definitely a wrong word order implying that Beethoven’s death was caused by his close friend. This has been more than amply pointed out Esledge.

2. Can we say ‘ a close friend of his’ ? How can we use two possessive markers such as ' of ' and ' his ' in the same phrase, where ' his ' is an adjective?  By a close friend of his  means  by a close friend of Beethoven , where Beethoven is the object of the preposition. Now if you want to replace the object with a pronoun, then you have to use another object case and say  ‘by a close friend of him’.

IMO E is too much ridden with questionable flaws to befit a challenge

daagh · Answer

E can just not be correct, considering the distortion of meaning it lends itself to.

E. was sketched from memory a few weeks  after his death by a close friend of his

E erroneously points out the possibility that Beethoven’s death itself occurred by a close friend of his. How funny!

aviram · Answer

Tricky question and good attempts at explaining the rationale behind the various answers. I think B and E are both grammatically correct, but B is more elegant where as E is somewhat awkward and wordy. There is no pronoun problem with B....both 'his' can only refer to Beethoven for two reasons. One, the antecedent of the first his is well established and the second his must have the same antecedent. If we DID NOT want this to be the case, we'd have to reword the sentence. The second reason is that the friend cannot paint after his own death, so the second his can only refer to the person who has died.

Nightmare007 · Answer

MY POE :

A .This picture of Beethoven was sketched by  a close friend of his by memory  a few weeks after his death .
B. This picture of Beethoven was sketched by  his close friend from memory  a few weeks after his death .
C. on his death bed - seriously.
D. was sketched by a close friend a few weeks after  his death by memory   - damn this is great.
E. This picture of Beethoven was sketched from memory a few weeks  after his death by a close friend of his  - lol that was betrayal.

My answer: No answer.

Madhavi1990 · Answer

I used a meaning/S-V/ humor based to think out loud the sentence as an approach for this, in the style of GMATNinja

This picture of Beethoven was sketched by a close friend of his by memory a few weeks after his death.

A. was sketched by a close friend of his by memory a few weeks after his death
B. was sketched by his close friend from memory a few weeks after his death
C. on his deathbed was sketched by a close friend of his from memory a few weeks later
D. was sketched by a close friend a few weeks after his death by memory
E. was sketched from memory a few weeks after his death by a close friend of his

The take away from this question is to make the most of it for some useful tips.

1. 'Of his' is double possessive and therefore remove A, C, and E.
2. 'Sketched by memory' and 'death by memory' are both illogical in D

His death in B cannot refer to his friend's death; If he was dead, how did he sketch? Please apply logic. B is the best of the lot.

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Thank you Daagh for your time on GMAT Club and all your contributions! Thank you for everything you did!
Your work will remain a great tribute to you here on GMAT Club!
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daagh · Answer

This picture of Beethoven  was sketched by a close friend of his by memory a few weeks after his death. 
 
A. was sketched by a close friend of his by memory a few weeks after his death 
B. was sketched by his close friend from memory a few weeks after his death 
C. on his deathbed was sketched by a close friend of his from memory a few weeks later 
D. was sketched by a close friend a few weeks after his death by memory 
E. was sketched from memory a few weeks after his death by a close friend of his

The take away from this question is to make the most of it for some useful tips.

1. 'Of his' is double possessive and therefore remove A, C, and E. 
2. 'Sketched by memory' and 'death by memory' are both illogical in D 
 
His death in B cannot refer to his friend's death; If he was dead, how did he sketch? Please apply logic. B is the best of the lot.

AliciaSierra · Answer

daagh ,

In B option, does "Friend From Memory" make sense ?

daagh · Answer

It is illogical to take 'a friend from memory.' Can memory produce friends?

But the sketches can be from memory, especially if the person being sketched is no more.

faat99 · Answer

I know the rule of never challenge GMAT, but this OA obviously is wrong, correct answer is B.

f0restreal · Answer

OA is given as E .
However ,I went with B after I had to choose between B and E.

My approach :

1) idiom : the correct usage is "sketching from memory" || Eliminate A & D
2) option B seems okay for now except for the pronoun ambiguity in which "his" could refer to "Beethoven" or his "friend" || Keep B
3) option C seems to tell us that the picture was of Beethoven on his deathbed. || Eliminate C
4) option E also seems okay , pronoun ambiguity seems to be resolved here . However , "..death by a close friend of his" sounds similar to "..death by drowning" . This seems like the friend had caused the death. ( maybe I am wrong here .. the correct usage is perhaps "..death from   .

Can someone please help me with the rationale for picking between B and E ?

This picture of Beethoven was sketched by a close friend of

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