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15 Aug 2019, 09:33
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B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
50% (02:18) correct
50%
(02:26)
wrong
based on 578
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Doctor: Medical researchers recently examined a large group of individuals who said that they had never experienced serious back pain. Half of the members of the group turned out to have bulging or slipped disks in their spines, conditions often blamed for serious back pain. Since these individuals with bulging or slipped disks evidently felt no pain from them, these conditions could not lead to serious back pain in people who do experience such pain.
The reasoning in the doctor’s argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it fails to consider which one of the following possibilities?
(A) A factor that need not be present in order for a certain effect to arise may nonetheless be sufficient to produce that effect.
(B) A factor that is not in itself sufficient to produce a certain effect may nonetheless be partly responsible for that effect in some instances.
(C) An effect that occurs in the absence of a particular phenomenon might not occur when that phenomenon is present.
(D) A characteristic found in half of a given sample of the population might not occur in half of the entire population.
(E) A factor that does not bring about a certain effect may nonetheless be more likely to be present when the effect occurs than when the effect does not occur.
The reasoning in the doctor’s argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it fails to consider which one of the following possibilities?
(A) A factor that need not be present in order for a certain effect to arise may nonetheless be sufficient to produce that effect.
(B) A factor that is not in itself sufficient to produce a certain effect may nonetheless be partly responsible for that effect in some instances.
(C) An effect that occurs in the absence of a particular phenomenon might not occur when that phenomenon is present.
(D) A characteristic found in half of a given sample of the population might not occur in half of the entire population.
(E) A factor that does not bring about a certain effect may nonetheless be more likely to be present when the effect occurs than when the effect does not occur.
krishsaisree
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18 Aug 2019, 23:27
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Circled it down to B and E, don’t see why either is better over the other to be honest.
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sharathnair14
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24 Aug 2019, 15:46
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Breaking the argument down into a short summary.
Back Pain = BP, C = Bulging/Slipped Disks, P = The group of people examined.
1. a certain group P.
2. Common Belief - C --> BP.
3. After examining, 1/2 of P had C.
C Since 1/2 of P --> C---> C -->No BP
Note here that the argument is open to the possibility of alternate factors for the condition in order to state that C is not the factor of BP.
Now that understanding the argument is out of the way, let's look at the answer choices.
Does the argument really fail to consider this? This talks about the sufficiency of the factor to cause the condition. Can one particular factor alone be enough to cause the effect? even in the absence of other factors that obviously could cause the condition? Once you try to examine this deeply, you'll arrive nowhere. Such options are definitely wrong. OUT
The factor - C isn't sufficient alone. But, could be one of the reasons to cause BP sometimes.
Yes! We know from the conclusion that all people who have back pain indefinitely have bulging/slipped discs, which were thought to be the causes of the condition in the first place. Now, when a sample of people who don't have backpain are examined and half of them, a substantial amount, are found to have Bulging/Slipped disks, we should be able to understand that bulging discs isn't the only cause. The Argument without even considering this however, goes on to conclude that the common view was wrong and bulging discs isn't a cause at all. It cannot explain the existence of these discs in the people who are affected by the condition. Hence, we can comprehend that among the other possible causes, bulging discs could be a cause too. CORRECT
The effect here is nothing but C, and the phenomenon is BP.
We know that C can exist when there is BP from the argument itself. OUT
This isn't a flaw. The Characteristic = C. C might not happen to the other half. We know this. OUT
incidence of C when BP happens > incidence of C BP doesn't happen. This is a comparison of when BP does and doesn't happen.. Well, we know from the argument that all BP affected people have C and half of the examined bunch have C. The argument doesn't fail to state this. OUT
If you're patient enough to read through, you'll be more than able to understand. This is a really HARD LSAT question so don't worry, you won't come across such a gnarly question.
However, I recommend that the moderators or Hovkial post the OE here for a better solution.
____________________________
If this was useful, click the Kudos button. Makes my day.
Back Pain = BP, C = Bulging/Slipped Disks, P = The group of people examined.
1. a certain group P.
2. Common Belief - C --> BP.
3. After examining, 1/2 of P had C.
C Since 1/2 of P --> C
Note here that the argument is open to the possibility of alternate factors for the condition in order to state that C is not the factor of BP.
Now that understanding the argument is out of the way, let's look at the answer choices.
Quote:
Does the argument really fail to consider this? This talks about the sufficiency of the factor to cause the condition. Can one particular factor alone be enough to cause the effect? even in the absence of other factors that obviously could cause the condition? Once you try to examine this deeply, you'll arrive nowhere. Such options are definitely wrong. OUT
Quote:
The factor - C isn't sufficient alone. But, could be one of the reasons to cause BP sometimes.
Yes! We know from the conclusion that all people who have back pain indefinitely have bulging/slipped discs, which were thought to be the causes of the condition in the first place. Now, when a sample of people who don't have backpain are examined and half of them, a substantial amount, are found to have Bulging/Slipped disks, we should be able to understand that bulging discs isn't the only cause. The Argument without even considering this however, goes on to conclude that the common view was wrong and bulging discs isn't a cause at all. It cannot explain the existence of these discs in the people who are affected by the condition. Hence, we can comprehend that among the other possible causes, bulging discs could be a cause too. CORRECT
Quote:
The effect here is nothing but C, and the phenomenon is BP.
We know that C can exist when there is BP from the argument itself. OUT
Quote:
This isn't a flaw. The Characteristic = C. C might not happen to the other half. We know this. OUT
Quote:
incidence of C when BP happens > incidence of C BP doesn't happen. This is a comparison of when BP does and doesn't happen.. Well, we know from the argument that all BP affected people have C and half of the examined bunch have C. The argument doesn't fail to state this. OUT
If you're patient enough to read through, you'll be more than able to understand. This is a really HARD LSAT question so don't worry, you won't come across such a gnarly question.
However, I recommend that the moderators or Hovkial post the OE here for a better solution.
____________________________
If this was useful, click the Kudos button. Makes my day.
