NEW HERE? LEARN MORE
closeclose
Last visit was: 23 Apr 2024, 20:32 It is currently 23 Apr 2024, 20:32
Decision Tracker
My Rewards
New posts
New comers' posts

Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Go to My Error Log Learn more
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel

which includes vs including

SORT BY:
Date
Kudos
Tags:
Find Similar Topics 
Show Tags
Hide Tags
avatar
B
wickedpuppy
Intern
Intern
Joined: 17 Apr 2021
Posts: 10
Own Kudos [?]: 2 [0]
Given Kudos: 1
GMAT 1: 580 Q35 V35
Send PM
which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 18:20
Hi Everyone ,

Can anyone assist me to clarify the difference or what to look out for in following scenario ?

- someone found something, which includes some items that ....

vs

- someone found something, including some items that ...

Can't see any other differences other than "which includes" and "including".
So wondering how do you know which option to choose ?
Thanks in advanced.
avatar
B
auaeca
Intern
Intern
Joined: 24 Jul 2021
Posts: 2
Own Kudos [?]: 1 [1]
Given Kudos: 5
Location: Mozambique
Send PM
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 21:03
1
Bookmarks
Hello there,

First, a disclaimer, I am not an expert - I've just started my gmat journey.
Onto the question, I don't think there is a remarkable difference between the two options, and if I had seen it on a question I would look for some other mistake to focus on.

Now lets analyze the following example (made up):

Playing Video games, which include FIFA and Tekken, improves problem-solving skills. -> In this option the two games shown are used as an example of video games, no emphasis is necessarily placed onto them.

Playing Video games, including FIFA and Tekken, improves problem-solving skills. -> In this option its as if the 2 games were not seen in a positive light by the person to whom this message is intended - as such, the speaker had to emphasize that video games (including the 2 you don't like) help with improving something.

Maybe there will be a mistake, or a point I've overlooked, hopefully an expert is here to shine a light on either.
User avatar
D
SohGMAT2020
Senior Manager
Senior Manager
Joined: 04 May 2020
Posts: 262
Own Kudos [?]: 384 [1]
Given Kudos: 83
Location: Canada
Concentration: Finance, General Management
Schools: ISB '21 Ivey '21 Rotman '22 CBS '23 Harvard '23 HEC Montreal XLRI
GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V35 (Online)
GPA: 3.42
Send PM
GMAT ToolKit User Reviews Badge
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 21:18
1
Kudos
Hi...

Again I am not an not an expert, but just adding my 2 cents here . Totally agree with auaeca

- someone found something, which includes some items that ....

vs

- someone found something, including some items that ...

Both of them basically means the same. This should not be the basis of elimination. There will be some other error in the sentence that will help you to eliminate the option.
(As well, Including is used basically to highlight a few items that the authors feels is important according to the context and needs to be specifically mentioned. On the other hand ", which includes" just given some example without giving much emphasis on those examples - a very subtle difference, but these usually are not tested on GMAT - Experts please correct me if I am wrong)
avatar
B
wickedpuppy
Intern
Intern
Joined: 17 Apr 2021
Posts: 10
Own Kudos [?]: 2 [0]
Given Kudos: 1
GMAT 1: 580 Q35 V35
Send PM
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 22:23
Thanks!
but I just had my GMAT practice test 1 , and the two options are the same , except that 1 of them ends with ", which includes" and the other with ", including"

I got it wrong and I would like to know why.

and another question also has similar structure , "something something something , which amounts to" vs "amounting to"
User avatar
D
SohGMAT2020
Senior Manager
Senior Manager
Joined: 04 May 2020
Posts: 262
Own Kudos [?]: 384 [0]
Given Kudos: 83
Location: Canada
Concentration: Finance, General Management
Schools: ISB '21 Ivey '21 Rotman '22 CBS '23 Harvard '23 HEC Montreal XLRI
GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V35 (Online)
GPA: 3.42
Send PM
GMAT ToolKit User Reviews Badge
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 22:25
wickedpuppy wrote:
Thanks!
but I just had my GMAT practice test 1 , and the two options are the same , except that 1 of them ends with ", which includes" and the other with ", including"

I got it wrong and I would like to know why.

and another question also has similar structure , "something something something , which amounts to" vs "amounting to"


Can you share the full question please?
avatar
B
wickedpuppy
Intern
Intern
Joined: 17 Apr 2021
Posts: 10
Own Kudos [?]: 2 [0]
Given Kudos: 1
GMAT 1: 580 Q35 V35
Send PM
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 22:36
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.


1) merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

2) as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include

3) as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes

4) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes

5) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
User avatar
D
SohGMAT2020
Senior Manager
Senior Manager
Joined: 04 May 2020
Posts: 262
Own Kudos [?]: 384 [1]
Given Kudos: 83
Location: Canada
Concentration: Finance, General Management
Schools: ISB '21 Ivey '21 Rotman '22 CBS '23 Harvard '23 HEC Montreal XLRI
GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V35 (Online)
GPA: 3.42
Send PM
GMAT ToolKit User Reviews Badge
which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 22:48
1
Kudos
wickedpuppy wrote:
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.


1) merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

2) as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include

3) as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes

4) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes

5) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including


Here basically, the subject is "The new image " - singular so we can eliminate the plural verbs ( have emerged) - Eliminate A and B

Now between C, D, and E we have

C. Germany that includes

D. Germany, which includes

E. Germany, including

Now "that" and "which" modifies the closest noun or noun phrase ( Here Germany) . The question is does Germany includes three wooden spear? No its not logical . The three wooden spear is referring to tools . so you can eliminate C and D

",verb-ing" at end of the sentence can refer to "tools" or the entire preceding clause actually

Hence E is the answer

For more detailed explanation please refer to the following thread

https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-new-imag ... 75120.html

Hope it helps!
avatar
B
wickedpuppy
Intern
Intern
Joined: 17 Apr 2021
Posts: 10
Own Kudos [?]: 2 [0]
Given Kudos: 1
GMAT 1: 580 Q35 V35
Send PM
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 22:57
Thank you very much SohGMAT2020
Now the mystery is cleared.
User avatar
G
Jaidude
School Moderator - ESSEC Masters
Joined: 10 Jan 2021
Status:Pressure is a privilege
Posts: 52
Own Kudos [?]: 62 [0]
Given Kudos: 111
Location: India
Schools: IE Sep'22 Intake ESSEC MiM "24 ESCP MiM "24 EDHEC (A)
GMAT 1: 680 Q48 V35
GPA: 3
WE:Engineering (Computer Software)
Send PM
Reviews Badge
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   26 Sep 2021, 23:00
That includes, in (C), signals an essential noun modifier: the modifier must be included in the sentence or the basic meaning of the core sentence will be nonsensical.
the noun should be as close as possible to the modifier. In this case, the noun Germany is right before the comma. Logically, the modifier should refer to tools. In certain circumstances, it is possible to have a short separation of the noun and the modifier
Answer (D) changes the modifier to the non-essential structure comma which includes.
when using the word including, the sentence really can just be giving examples of something (usually a noun) that was named shortly before the comma. Unlike the modifiers in answers (C) and (D), the including modifier in (E) does not contain a verb that needs to match the noun tools, so there are no problems with the construction.
E is the correct answer.
User avatar
L
Bunuel
Math Expert
Joined: 02 Sep 2009
Posts: 92883
Own Kudos [?]: 618618 [0]
Given Kudos: 81563
Send PM
CAT Tests Forum Quiz Mode
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   27 Sep 2021, 00:22
Expert Reply
wickedpuppy wrote:
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.


1) merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

2) as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include

3) as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes

4) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes

5) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including


This question is discussed here: https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-new-imag ... 75120.html Hope it helps.
User avatar
D
SohGMAT2020
Senior Manager
Senior Manager
Joined: 04 May 2020
Posts: 262
Own Kudos [?]: 384 [0]
Given Kudos: 83
Location: Canada
Concentration: Finance, General Management
Schools: ISB '21 Ivey '21 Rotman '22 CBS '23 Harvard '23 HEC Montreal XLRI
GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V35 (Online)
GPA: 3.42
Send PM
GMAT ToolKit User Reviews Badge
which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   27 Sep 2021, 19:47
wickedpuppy wrote:
Thank you very much SohGMAT2020
Now the mystery is cleared.


You are welcome!

Also as Bunuel said. you may look into the thread for detailed discussion.

As well, for other GMAT prep questions, if you do a google search with the first line of the question, you will usually get a discussion thread on GMAT club
User avatar
L
EducationAisle
CEO
CEO
Joined: 27 Mar 2010
Posts: 3675
Own Kudos [?]: 3528 [0]
Given Kudos: 149
Location: India
Schools: ISB
GPA: 3.31
Send PM
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink] New post   28 Sep 2021, 01:27
Expert Reply
SohGMAT2020 wrote:
",verb-ing" at end of the sentence can refer to "tools" or the entire preceding clause actually

Actually "including" is bit of an exception to present participial phrases.

"including" is actually a preposition (and not a present participial phrase). Hence, the rules of present participial phrases do not apply to "including".

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses this property of "including". Have attached the corresponding section of the book, for your reference.
Attachments

Including.pdf [10.85 KiB]
Downloaded 47 times

GMAT Club Bot
gmatclubot
Re: which includes vs including [#permalink]
28 Sep 2021, 01:27
Moderators:
GMATNinja
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
6917 posts
GMATNinjaTwo
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
238 posts
Sajjad1994
GRE Forum Moderator
13957 posts

Powered by phpBB © phpBB Group | Emoji artwork provided by EmojiOne
Main navigation
GMAT Resources
Partners
MBA Resources
www.gmac.com|www.mba.com | | GMAT Club Rules | Terms and Conditions